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Anesthesia 1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

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1
Q

Anesthesia is now used to provide:

A 
Sedation (sleep)
Tranquilization (calming)
Immobility
Muscle relaxation
Unconsciousness
Pain control
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2
Q

Reversible state of unconsciousness, immobility, muscle relaxation & loss of sensation throughout the body produced by the administration of one or more agents

A

General Anesthesia

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3
Q

Analgesia is…

Analgesics is…

A

pain relief

pain meds

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4
Q

Specific stage of GA in which there is a sufficient degree of analgesia and muscle relaxation to allow surgery

A

Surgical anesthesia

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5
Q

Drug-induced CNS depression and drowsiness that vary in intensity

A

Sedation

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6
Q

Drug-induced state of calm

A

Tranquilization

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7
Q

Drug-induced sleeplike state impairing the ability to respond to stimuli

A

Hypnosis

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8
Q

Drug-induced sleep from narcotic administration in which the patient is not easily aroused

A

Narcosis

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9
Q

Loss of sensation in a small area produced by administration of an agent in proximity to the area of interest

A 
Local anesthesia 
(Lidocaine is most common)
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10
Q

Loss of sensation of a localized area produced by the administration of a local directly to the body surface or to an open wound

A

Topical anesthesia

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11
Q

Loss of sensation in a limited area produced by the administration of a local or other agent in proximity to sensory nerves

A

Regional anesthesia

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12
Q

Type of regional that is used to provide pain control of the rear quarters and pelvic region; primary disadvantage: patient movement

A

Epidural anesthesia

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13
Q

administration of multiple drugs concurrently in smaller quantities than would be required if each were given alone; maximizes beneficial effects and minimizes adverse effects

A

Balanced anesthesia

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14
Q

Epidurals are used in _________ species, provide excellent ______ analgesia, cheap, ____ to perform

A

different; caudal; easy

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15
Q

4 technician roles

A
  1. preparation, operation and maintenance of equipment
  2. Administer of anesthetic agents
  3. Endotracheal intubation
  4. Patient monitoring (min of 5 minutes)
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16
Q

Most anesthetic agents have a _______ ___________ ______

A

narrow therapeutic index

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17
Q

Anesthetics cause a decrease in

A

HR, RR, T, BP

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18
Q

Potential for patient harm is ___

A

high

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19
Q

Controlled poisoning, never without risk, reversible, humanely performed, newer agents exist, and has better equipment

A

Anesthesia

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20
Q

Communication

A

refer to patients pets by their name/sex
Verify their concerns
In most cases its okay to say their animal with be fine.

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21
Q

Period immediately preceding induction of anesthesia

A

Preanesthesia

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22
Q

Animal leaves normal conscious state and enter unconscious state “Knock out”

A

Induction

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23
Q

Animals vary in:

A

age
temperament
physical appearance
health status

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24
Q

5 minimum patient database information

A
  1. Patient history
  2. Nature of procedure to be performed
  3. Complete PE
  4. Diagnostic Tests
  5. Determination of physical status/anesthetic risk
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25
10 things in the history:
1. Procedure 2. Age 3. Previous illness 4. Signs of illness in past 24 hrs 5. How well does animal tolerate exercise 6. Any recent treatment with drugs/insecticides 7. History of allergies or drug reactions 8. Last vaccinations 9. Reproductive status 10. Abnormalities
26
Anesthesia is _____ without risk
NEVER
27
Owner is warned beforehand of any unusual risks associated with the anesthesia or surgery
Informed Consent
28
Every animal scheduled for anesthesia should have a PE performed within
24 hours
29
PE and assessment may reveal:
presence of dz dehydration conditions requiring vet attention physical factors affecting procedure to be performed
30
Each ______ has a characteristic response to specific drugs, and dosages vary
species
31
Differences in anatomy and physiology affect ____ response
breed
32
Doses and fluid rates are calculated according to _____________
body weight
33
Numeric assessment of the patient's weight compared to the ideal weight
Body condition score
34
> 10% is what sate?
MORBID YOU ARE DEAD
35
<5% is
not detected
36
Loss 1kg = ______ of fluid loss
1 L
37
Hydration assessments
``` Skin turgor eye position mm color/CRT HR/pulse strength PCV/TP ```
38
A patients responsiveness to stimuli, used to assess brain function
Level of consciousness
39
Obtunded
not easily aroused
40
Stuporous
sleep-like state/only aroused with pain
41
Comatose
cant be aroused/unresponsive
42
Normal vitals of body temperature
100-102.5 F degrees
43
Normal vitals of HR and pulse
Dog=60-180 Cat=120-240
44
Normal vital for respiration
Dog=10-30 Cat=15-30
45
MOST COMMON anesthetic complication
Hypothermia
46
PLR
Pupillary Light Reflex
47
Observe and compare the size of both pupils which should be the same
PLR
48
Directing to right eye, left should constrict
Consensual Reflex
49
Pupil constriction
Miosis
50
Pupil dilation
Mydriasis
51
2 Test that test for renal function
BUN & Creatinine
52
Tests to measure RBCs carrying O2?
PCV-TP | hematocrit (Hgb)
53
Blood tube to put for blood from a CBC
Lavender top tube
54
Tubes used to collect blood for chemistry?
Marble or red
55
Laboratory procedures:
``` CBC Blood chemistry screen Fecal UA Serologic tests (Parvo, FeLV) EKG Coagulation screen Throacic radiographs ```
56
The majority of clinics requires patients admitted for anesthetic procedures to be current on their ________
vaccines
57
Patient status AKA
classification
58
Minimal risk, normal, healthy animal, no underlying dz EX. OHE, radiograph, castration, declaw
CLASS 1
59
High risk, significantly compromised by dz, may have pre-exisiting condition of a severe nature EX. severe dehydration, shock, uremia, high fever, heart dz, diabetes)
CLASS 4
60
Slight risk, minor dz present but animal is able to compensate. Neonate and geriatric animals as well as obese are included in this risk category EX. skin tumor, hernia, local infx, cryptorchid castrations
CLASS 2
61
Moderate risk, obvious dz present, mild clinical signs EX. anemia, dehydration, fever, low-grade heart murmur
CLASS 3
62
Extreme risk, moribund. Surgery is likely being performed out of desperation on animals with life-threatening dz or disturbances that are not correctable by an operation. Includes animal that are not expected to survive 24 hrs EX. heart dz, profound shock, head trauma, terminal malignancy
CLASS 5
63
6 determination factors of protocol
1. Availability of facilities and equipment 2. Familiarity with the agent 3. Nature of the procedure 4. Special patient circumstances 5. COST 6. Speed
64
How fast a drug beings affecting the patient
Onset of a drug
65
How long a drug affects the patient
Duration
66
The slower the ________, the longer the ________
onset; duration
67
Adult dogs and cats should have food withheld for _________ hours
10-12
68
Some suggest water to be withheld for _______hours
2-4
69
What 2 things can result from withholding water?
Dehydration | Hypotension
70
________ patients are at a higher risk for hypothermia, fluid over load, hypoglycemia
Pediatric
71
Avian, pocket pets,and dogs and cats younger than ___ months should be fasted for a shorter time period or not at all
3
72
In order to ensure the safety of most species the ________ tube cuff is inflated properly, not removed until swallowing reflex is re-gained
endotracheal
73
If surgical procedures are planned that involve the GI tract, food is generally withheld for ____ hours
24
74
Water is withheld for ______ hours
8-12
75
4 reasons for IV catheterization include:
1. Maintain blood volume & support BP 2. Rapid administration of emergency drugs 3. CRI of anesthetics 4. Administration of anesthetic agents
76
Types of fluid administration:
TTN (jugular) | OTN (peripheral)
77
Overhydration can cause:
ocular/nasal DC, chemosis, SC edema, harsh lung sounds, increased RR, dyspnea
78
Using Intraop maintenance fluids most patients are placed on ____ml/kg/hr
7.5
79
_____ are more susceptible to over hydration
CATS
80
____ml of fluid is given for every ____ml of blood loss
3; 1
81
CS of hypovolemic shock:
``` tachycardia prolonged CRT Pale MM Low BP Weakness Weak pulse ```

Anesthesia 1 (4 decks)

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