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Anesthesia 1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Anesthesia is now used to provide:

A 
Sedation (sleep)
Tranquilization (calming)
Immobility
Muscle relaxation
Unconsciousness
Pain control
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2
Q

Reversible state of unconsciousness, immobility, muscle relaxation & loss of sensation throughout the body produced by the administration of one or more agents

A

General Anesthesia

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3
Q

Analgesia is…

Analgesics is…

A

pain relief

pain meds

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4
Q

Specific stage of GA in which there is a sufficient degree of analgesia and muscle relaxation to allow surgery

A

Surgical anesthesia

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5
Q

Drug-induced CNS depression and drowsiness that vary in intensity

A

Sedation

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6
Q

Drug-induced state of calm

A

Tranquilization

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7
Q

Drug-induced sleeplike state impairing the ability to respond to stimuli

A

Hypnosis

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8
Q

Drug-induced sleep from narcotic administration in which the patient is not easily aroused

A

Narcosis

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9
Q

Loss of sensation in a small area produced by administration of an agent in proximity to the area of interest

A 
Local anesthesia 
(Lidocaine is most common)
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10
Q

Loss of sensation of a localized area produced by the administration of a local directly to the body surface or to an open wound

A

Topical anesthesia

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11
Q

Loss of sensation in a limited area produced by the administration of a local or other agent in proximity to sensory nerves

A

Regional anesthesia

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12
Q

Type of regional that is used to provide pain control of the rear quarters and pelvic region; primary disadvantage: patient movement

A

Epidural anesthesia

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13
Q

administration of multiple drugs concurrently in smaller quantities than would be required if each were given alone; maximizes beneficial effects and minimizes adverse effects

A

Balanced anesthesia

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14
Q

Epidurals are used in _________ species, provide excellent ______ analgesia, cheap, ____ to perform

A

different; caudal; easy

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15
Q

4 technician roles

A
  1. preparation, operation and maintenance of equipment
  2. Administer of anesthetic agents
  3. Endotracheal intubation
  4. Patient monitoring (min of 5 minutes)
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16
Q

Most anesthetic agents have a _______ ___________ ______

A

narrow therapeutic index

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17
Q

Anesthetics cause a decrease in

A

HR, RR, T, BP

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18
Q

Potential for patient harm is ___

A

high

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19
Q

Controlled poisoning, never without risk, reversible, humanely performed, newer agents exist, and has better equipment

A

Anesthesia

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20
Q

Communication

A

refer to patients pets by their name/sex
Verify their concerns
In most cases its okay to say their animal with be fine.

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21
Q

Period immediately preceding induction of anesthesia

A

Preanesthesia

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22
Q

Animal leaves normal conscious state and enter unconscious state “Knock out”

A

Induction

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23
Q

Animals vary in:

A

age
temperament
physical appearance
health status

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24
Q

5 minimum patient database information

A
  1. Patient history
  2. Nature of procedure to be performed
  3. Complete PE
  4. Diagnostic Tests
  5. Determination of physical status/anesthetic risk
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25
Q

10 things in the history:

A
  1. Procedure
  2. Age
  3. Previous illness
  4. Signs of illness in past 24 hrs
  5. How well does animal tolerate exercise
  6. Any recent treatment with drugs/insecticides
  7. History of allergies or drug reactions
  8. Last vaccinations
  9. Reproductive status
  10. Abnormalities
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26
Q

Anesthesia is _____ without risk

A

NEVER

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27
Q

Owner is warned beforehand of any unusual risks associated with the anesthesia or surgery

A

Informed Consent

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28
Q

Every animal scheduled for anesthesia should have a PE performed within

A

24 hours

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29
Q

PE and assessment may reveal:

A

presence of dz
dehydration
conditions requiring vet attention
physical factors affecting procedure to be performed

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30
Q

Each ______ has a characteristic response to specific drugs, and dosages vary

A

species

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31
Q

Differences in anatomy and physiology affect ____ response

A

breed

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32
Q

Doses and fluid rates are calculated according to _____________

A

body weight

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33
Q

Numeric assessment of the patient’s weight compared to the ideal weight

A

Body condition score

34
Q

> 10% is what sate?

A

MORBID

YOU ARE DEAD

35
Q

<5% is

A

not detected

36
Q

Loss 1kg = ______ of fluid loss

A

1 L

37
Q

Hydration assessments

A 
Skin turgor 
eye position 
mm color/CRT 
HR/pulse strength 
PCV/TP
38
Q

A patients responsiveness to stimuli, used to assess brain function

A

Level of consciousness

39
Q

Obtunded

A

not easily aroused

40
Q

Stuporous

A

sleep-like state/only aroused with pain

41
Q

Comatose

A

cant be aroused/unresponsive

42
Q

Normal vitals of body temperature

A

100-102.5 F degrees

43
Q

Normal vitals of HR and pulse

A

Dog=60-180 Cat=120-240

44
Q

Normal vital for respiration

A

Dog=10-30 Cat=15-30

45
Q

MOST COMMON anesthetic complication

A

Hypothermia

46
Q

PLR

A

Pupillary Light Reflex

47
Q

Observe and compare the size of both pupils which should be the same

A

PLR

48
Q

Directing to right eye, left should constrict

A

Consensual Reflex

49
Q

Pupil constriction

A

Miosis

50
Q

Pupil dilation

A

Mydriasis

51
Q

2 Test that test for renal function

A

BUN & Creatinine

52
Q

Tests to measure RBCs carrying O2?

A

PCV-TP

hematocrit (Hgb)

53
Q

Blood tube to put for blood from a CBC

A

Lavender top tube

54
Q

Tubes used to collect blood for chemistry?

A

Marble or red

55
Q

Laboratory procedures:

A 
CBC 
Blood chemistry screen 
Fecal 
UA
Serologic tests (Parvo, FeLV)
EKG
Coagulation screen 
Throacic radiographs
56
Q

The majority of clinics requires patients admitted for anesthetic procedures to be current on their ________

A

vaccines

57
Q

Patient status AKA

A

classification

58
Q

Minimal risk, normal, healthy animal, no underlying dz EX. OHE, radiograph, castration, declaw

A

CLASS 1

59
Q

High risk, significantly compromised by dz, may have pre-exisiting condition of a severe nature EX. severe dehydration, shock, uremia, high fever, heart dz, diabetes)

A

CLASS 4

60
Q

Slight risk, minor dz present but animal is able to compensate. Neonate and geriatric animals as well as obese are included in this risk category EX. skin tumor, hernia, local infx, cryptorchid castrations

A

CLASS 2

61
Q

Moderate risk, obvious dz present, mild clinical signs EX. anemia, dehydration, fever, low-grade heart murmur

A

CLASS 3

62
Q

Extreme risk, moribund. Surgery is likely being performed out of desperation on animals with life-threatening dz or disturbances that are not correctable by an operation. Includes animal that are not expected to survive 24 hrs EX. heart dz, profound shock, head trauma, terminal malignancy

A

CLASS 5

63
Q

6 determination factors of protocol

A
  1. Availability of facilities and equipment
  2. Familiarity with the agent
  3. Nature of the procedure
  4. Special patient circumstances
  5. COST
  6. Speed
64
Q

How fast a drug beings affecting the patient

A

Onset of a drug

65
Q

How long a drug affects the patient

A

Duration

66
Q

The slower the ________, the longer the ________

A

onset; duration

67
Q

Adult dogs and cats should have food withheld for _________ hours

A

10-12

68
Q

Some suggest water to be withheld for _______hours

A

2-4

69
Q

What 2 things can result from withholding water?

A

Dehydration

Hypotension

70
Q

________ patients are at a higher risk for hypothermia, fluid over load, hypoglycemia

A

Pediatric

71
Q

Avian, pocket pets,and dogs and cats younger than ___ months should be fasted for a shorter time period or not at all

A

3

72
Q

In order to ensure the safety of most species the ________ tube cuff is inflated properly, not removed until swallowing reflex is re-gained

A

endotracheal

73
Q

If surgical procedures are planned that involve the GI tract, food is generally withheld for ____ hours

A

24

74
Q

Water is withheld for ______ hours

A

8-12

75
Q

4 reasons for IV catheterization include:

A
  1. Maintain blood volume & support BP
  2. Rapid administration of emergency drugs
  3. CRI of anesthetics
  4. Administration of anesthetic agents
76
Q

Types of fluid administration:

A

TTN (jugular)

OTN (peripheral)

77
Q

Overhydration can cause:

A

ocular/nasal DC, chemosis, SC edema, harsh lung sounds, increased RR, dyspnea

78
Q

Using Intraop maintenance fluids most patients are placed on ____ml/kg/hr

A

7.5

79
Q

_____ are more susceptible to over hydration

A

CATS

80
Q

____ml of fluid is given for every ____ml of blood loss

A

3; 1

81
Q

CS of hypovolemic shock:

A 
tachycardia
prolonged CRT 
Pale MM
Low BP
Weakness
Weak pulse

Anesthesia 1 (4 decks)

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