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Anesthesia 1 > Inj Anesthetic Agents & Techniques > Flashcards

Inj Anesthetic Agents & Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

The effects of an IV anesthetic is usually detected in _______ sec

A

30-60

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2
Q

6 types of injectable categories for anesthetic agents

A
  1. Propofol;
  2. Dissociatives;
  3. Etomidate;
  4. Guafenesin;
  5. Locals;
  6. Neuromuscular blocking agents
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3
Q

6 ideal characteristics of injectable anesthetics:

A
  1. Rapid onset & recovery;
  2. Non-toxic;
  3. Lack of adverse cardiovascular & resp. effects;
  4. RAPID METABOLISM*
  5. Analgesic effects;
  6. Muscle relaxation
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4
Q

Injectable anesthetics are used to induce anesthesia, its given ________ minutes AFTER a pre-medication

A

15-20 minutes

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5
Q

Injectable anesthetics should be given till the animal is _______

A

induced

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6
Q

These are described as dissociative drugs; animals appear awake but are immobile and unaware; doesnt have any effective reversal agents

A

Cyclohexamines

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7
Q

Cyclohexamines are best combined with what?

A

Muscle relaxant drugs EX. Valium

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8
Q

Cyclohexamines have what type of effect?

A

Exaggerated reflexes; sensitivity to sound; increase muscle tone/rigidity

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9
Q

Cyclohexamines have analgesic effects on skin and limbs, but _______ analgesia is poor

A

visceral

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10
Q

High doses of cyclohexamines can cause what side effect?

A

seizures

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11
Q

Cyclohexamines have ____ ______ _______ and are controlled substances

A

wide safety margins

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12
Q

Cylohexamines are NOT administered alone? T or F

A

True

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13
Q

Cyclohexmaines are the least likely to cause what?

A

Hypotension

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14
Q

What is Apenustic Respiratory Pattern:

A

Breath holding usually in cats

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15
Q

Ketamine is only licensed for use in what animals?

A

Cats and sub-human primates

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16
Q

How is ketamine given in cats?

A

PO

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17
Q

Valium can only go what injection?

A

IV

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18
Q

3 other ketamine combos:

A
  1. Ket/Rompun;
  2. Ket/Midazolam;
  3. Ket//Ace
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19
Q

This is sold only when combined with Zolazepam as Telazol

A

Tiletamine

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20
Q

This drug is great for immobilization of wildlife species:

A

Telazol

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21
Q

Ketamine is only licensed for use in what animals?

A

Cats and sub-human primates

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22
Q

How is ketamine given in cats?

A

PO

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23
Q

Valium can only go what injection?

A

IV

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24
Q

3 other ketamine combos:

A
  1. Ket/Rompun;
  2. Ket/Midazolam;
  3. Ket//Ace
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25
Q

This is sold only when combined with Zolazepam as Telazol

A

Tiletamine

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26
Q

This drug is great for immobilization of wildlife species:

A

Telazol

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27
Q

Ketamine is only licensed for use in what animals?

A

Cats and sub-human primates

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28
Q

How is ketamine given in cats?

A

PO

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29
Q

Valium can only go what injection?

A

IV

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30
Q

3 other ketamine combos:

A
  1. Ket/Rompun;
  2. Ket/Midazolam;
  3. Ket//Ace
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31
Q

This is sold only when combined with Zolazepam as Telazol

A

Tiletamine

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32
Q

This drug is great for immobilization of wildlife species:

A

Telazol

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33
Q

Ketamine is only licensed for use in what animals?

A

Cats and sub-human primates

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34
Q

How is ketamine given in cats?

A

PO

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35
Q

Valium can only go what injection?

A

IV

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36
Q

3 other ketamine combos:

A
  1. Ket/Rompun;
  2. Ket/Midazolam;
  3. Ket//Ace
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37
Q

This is sold only when combined with Zolazepam as Telazol

A

Tiletamine

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38
Q

This drug is great for immobilization of wildlife species:

A

Telazol

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39
Q

Ketamine is only licensed for use in what animals?

A

Cats and sub-human primates

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40
Q

How is ketamine given in cats?

A

PO

41
Q

Valium can only go what injection?

A

IV

42
Q

3 other ketamine combos:

A
  1. Ket/Rompun;
  2. Ket/Midazolam;
  3. Ket//Ace
43
Q

This is sold only when combined with Zolazepam as Telazol

A

Tiletamine

44
Q

This drug is great for immobilization of wildlife species:

A

Telazol

45
Q

Ketamine is only licensed for use in what animals?

A

Cats and sub-human primates

46
Q

How is ketamine given in cats?

A

PO

47
Q

Valium can only go what injection?

A

IV

48
Q

3 other ketamine combos:

A
  1. Ket/Rompun;
  2. Ket/Midazolam;
  3. Ket//Ace
49
Q

This is sold only when combined with Zolazepam as Telazol

A

Tiletamine

50
Q

This drug is great for immobilization of wildlife species:

A

Telazol

51
Q

Propofol AKA:

A

Diprivan

52
Q

A short acting nonbarbituate; milky white; IV only; rapid onset; wide safety margin; NO analgesic effects

A

Propofol

53
Q

Disadvantages of Propofol/Diprivan:

A

Supports bacterial growth; hypotensive potential(depressant); muscle twitching; IV only; cat develop heniz bodies, D+, anorexia, slower recovery

54
Q

How much of propofol do you administer every 30 seconds to get an effect?

A

1/4

55
Q

Advantages of Propofol/Diprivan:

A

Not controlled; can be used as a CRI; not cause tissue slough if given perivascularly; antiemetic properties; rapid metabolism

56
Q

Etomidate AKA

A

Amidate

57
Q

This drug is a sedative/hypnotic non controlled drug; short duration; always IV; expensive

A

Etomidate

58
Q

Which induction agent is the choice of drug for cardiovacularly imparied patients (high risk)?

A

Etomidate

59
Q

This drug is not controlled; muscle relaxant; used in large animals(horses) for induction; also an expectorant sold OTC

A

Guafenesin

60
Q

This can be used as pain control postoperatively; prevents nerve cell depolarization; vary in onset/duration

A

Local Anesthesia

61
Q

Local A can be used to:

A

numb an area

62
Q

Local A reduces:

A

side effects

63
Q

Local A helps with:

A

pain

64
Q

Local A is naturally reversed by what?

A

Increased blood flow

65
Q

Local A may be combined with what kind of drug to prolong action?

A

Vasoconstrictor

66
Q

3 ways to administer locals:

A
  1. Topically;
  2. Locally/Infiltration;
  3. Regionally
67
Q

This administration can be sprayed or applied directly to MM or on an open wound.

A

Topically (eye drops, sprays, ointments)

68
Q

This administration can be injected around/into a small area, but NEVER into a nerve

A

Locally/Infiltration (Injection, nerve blocks)

69
Q

This administration can be injected around a major nerve bundle

A

Regionally (epidural, intrathecal, bronchial plexus blocks

70
Q

4 types of blocks:

A
  1. Splash block;
  2. Nerve block;
  3. Ring block;
  4. Bier block
71
Q

This block is the use of sprays or soaked gauze sponges placed in an open surgery site

A

Splash block

72
Q

This block is the act of injecting a local in proximity to a nerve to desensitize a particular anatomic site

A

Nerve block

73
Q

This block is the line of a local completely encircles an anatomic part such as a digit (declaws)

A

Ring block

74
Q

This block is the IV regional for short term use, lidocaine is injected into a distal vein after a tourniquet is placed proximal

A

Bier block

75
Q

Whats an Epidural?

A

Regional anesthesia; injection into epidural space, useful for caudal procedures, and even post operative pain relief

76
Q

In dogs, injections for epidurals are given where?

A

between L-7 and the sacrum

77
Q

Using opioids/narcotics with orals results in what?

A

minimal effect on movement

78
Q

Risks of epidural anesthesia:

A

varies, patient movment

79
Q

Locals that cause systemic toxicity is more common in which animal?

A

Cats

80
Q

Lidocaine AKA

A

Xylocaine(LOCAL)

81
Q

Lidocaine can be used as a CRI to treat:

A

ventricular arrhythmias

82
Q

Lidocaines most common dose amount?

A

2% or 20mg/ml

83
Q

What should not be included with Lidocaine when given IV?

A

Epinephrine

84
Q

Epinephrine is only in the lidocaine for infiltration to help do what?

A

control bleeding and prolong action of local

85
Q

Bupivicaine AKA

A

marcaine(LOCAL)

86
Q

Bupivicaine is great for?

A

Declaws

87
Q

Which drug has the longest duration of action which is 4-6 hours?

A

Bupivicaine

88
Q

Mepivacaine AKA

A

Carbocaine (LOCAL)

89
Q

Tetracaine AKA

A

Pontocaine (LOCAL)

90
Q

Tetracaine is given SQ and what other way?

A

topical

91
Q

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents AKA

A

Peripheral muscle relaxants

92
Q

What are some uses NMB can be used for:

A

Mechanical ventilation;
Orthopedic and opthalmic surgery;
C-sections

93
Q

NMB doesnt have what 3 effects:

A

tranquilizing, analgesic, anesthetic properties

94
Q

NBM affects what nerves ONLY?

A

motor nerves, skeletal muscle

95
Q

This depolarizes and occupies acetylcholine receptors creating muscle paralysis; NO reversal agent!!!; hyperkalemia/cardiac arrythmias are potential SE; rapid onset; NMB

A

Succinylcholine

96
Q

This is a non depolarizing or a competitive drug; occupies acetylcholine receptors and BLOCKS depolarization; can be reversed; NMB

A

Pancuronium

97
Q

Reversal agents for Pancuronium

A

Neostigmine; Edrophonium; Pyridostigmine

98
Q

The schedules of controlled drugs are regulated by who?

A

DEA

Anesthesia 1 (4 decks)

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