Intro Flashcards
The word “plumbing” comes from
the Latin
plumbum for lead, as pipes were once made from lead.
The plumbing industry is
a basic and substantial part of every developed economy due to the need
for clean water, and proper collection and transport of wastes.
Plumbing originated during
the ancient civilizations such as the Greek, Roman, Persian, Indian,
and Chinese civilizations
the Greek, Roman, Persian, Indian,
and Chinese civilizations developed
public baths and needed to provide potable water, and
drainage of wastes.
Standardized earthen plumbing pipes with broad flanges making use of asphalt for preventing
leakages appeared in the urban settlements of the
Indus Valley Civilization by 2700 B.C.
Their demand for a constant supply of clean water lead to the
construction of aqueducts.
Greco-Roman civilization.
hen did public health authorities began pressing for better
waste disposal systems to be installed?
19th century
In the * household plumbing is considered as a luxury.
1940s
Water supply Sources
natural bodies of water, rainfall
Waste disposal
-Waste disposed to natural bodies of water
- Excavated pits
the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings
for bringing in the supply of liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing them; and such
water, liquid and other carried-wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life and property pipes and
fixtures after installation i.e.,
Plumbing
(Section 217.6 The Revised National Plumbing
Code of the Philippines 1999)
defines plumbing
includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, all plumbing fixtures and
traps; all sanitary and storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders and downspouts;
and all building drains and sewers, including their respective joints and connections; devices,
receptacles, and appurtenances within the property; water lines in the premises; potable, tap, hot
and chilled water piping; potable water treating or using equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters
and vents for same
Plumbing System
(Section 217.12 NPC 1999)
defines Plumbing system
A Plumbing system, reduced to its simplest terms, consists of
-A supply pipe leading to a fixture and;
-a drainpipe taking the used water away from this fixture.
Carries water from the water source, street
main or a pump to the building and to various points in the building at which water is used.
The water supply and water distribution system
The receptacles that receive the supplied water and allow the occupants
of the building to use the water
The plumbing fixtures
The piping network within the building which conveys from the plumbing
fixtures all wastes and fecal matter (sanitary drainage) as well as rainwater (storm drainage) to a
point of disposal or a treatment facility.
The drainage system
the one who works or engages in the business of installing in buildings the pipes
fixtures and other apparatus for bringing in the water supply and removing liquid and waterborne
wastes
The plumber
There are three categories of plumbers based upon their graces of experiences. They are:
Apprentice plumber
Journeyman plumber
Master plumber
a beginner at the trade who usually serves for 3 to 5 years as helper to
a journeyman.
Apprentice plumber
has served his apprenticeship and is competent to perform the tasks of
installing and repairing plumbing
Journeyman plumber
- a person technically and legally qualified and licensed to practice the
profession of master plumbing without limitations in accordance with Republic Act 1378, having
passed the examinations conducted by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), has
received a certificate of registration from the board of master plumbing and possesses the current
license to practice
Master plumber
(Section 214.5 NPC 200)
defines a masterplumber
- Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed for what
to prevent clogging and the return of foul air to the building.
- Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose what
all leaks and defects in
the workmanship
is any method that will remove one or more materials that make the water unsuitable for a given use.
Water purification
Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the
minimum quantity of water consistent with
proper performance and cleaning.
Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to
prevent dangers
from explosion through overheating.
Every building abutting on a street, alley or easement with a public sewer shall
connect its plumbing
fixtures to the sewer system.
- shall not be allowed to enter the building drainage system
Substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints
or interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal process
- Proper protection shall be provided to prevent —? & When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be ?
- contamination of food, water, sterile goods and similar materials by backflow of sewage.
- connected indirectly with the building drainage system.
Each family dwelling unit shall have at least one water closet, one kitchen type sink, a lavatory and
a bathtub or shower to meet
the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene.
Plumbing fixtures shall be made of
smooth non-absorbent material, free from concealed fouling
surfaces and shall be located in ventilated enclosures.
The drainage system shall be designed, constructed and maintained to safeguard against
fouling,
deposit of solids, clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the pipes may be readily
cleaned.
All piping shall be of durable..?
NAMPAP-APPROVED materials, free from defective workmanship,
All piping should be design and constructed by?
Registered Master Plumbers to ensure satisfactory service.
Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be
equipped with a water-sealed trap.
- No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not ?
properly lighted and
ventilated
The drainage pipes piping system shall be designed to
provide adequate circulation of air free from
siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use.
- If there is no sewer system in the area, suitable provision shall be made for the disposal of building sewage by some accepted method of sewage treatment and disposal, such as
a septic tank.
- Where a plumbing drainage system may be subject to —-, suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow in the building.
backflow of sewage
- —- shall be maintained in serviceable condition by Registered Master Plumbers
Plumbing systems
- All plumbing fixtures shall be installed —-, to be accessible for their intended use.
properly spaced
- Plumbing shall be installed with due regard to the?
the preservation of the strength of structural members
and the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces through fixture usage.
- Sewage or other waste from plumbing system which may be deleterious to surface or sub-surface
waters shall —- , unless first rendered
– through subjection to some acceptable form of treatment.
- shall not be discharged into the ground or into any waterway
- innocuous
Must be pure, sterilized and protected from contamination. Supplies taken direct from mains or from exclusive storage.
(Demand of Water) Drinking, Cooking, Dishwashing
Similar but moderated to allow cold and hot supplies to be drawn from main storage tank or cistern via distribution network.
(Demand of Water) Personal Washing and Domestic Cleaning
Generally clean and wholesome, soft and free form Iron and Manganese staining.
(Demand of Water) Laundry
Connections must not permit contamination
of mains water.
(Demand of Water) Fire Fighting High Pressure.
Clean, filtered and sterilized with free chlorine residue for post-sterilization. Can be recirculated.
(Demand of Water) Swimming
Soft treated water, stored and circulated separate from domestic supplies.
(Demand of Water) Boilers and Heating Plants
No special requirement, except reasonably free from solids and slit (result in blocked pipes and nozzles) and undecomposed material (pollution).
(Demand of Water) Irrigation
water entering the atmosphere through evaporation and returning
through condensation
The water cycle
loss of water vapor from plants; similar to sweating
Transpiration –
vaporization of liquid which turns into gaseous forms (surface of liquid only)
Evaporation –
any product of condensation of atmospheric vapor that falls under gravity.
Precipitation –
The process of the water cycle result to
result in natural water purification
change of physical state of water from gaseous form to liquid
Condensation –
the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials
Percolation –
the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil
Infiltration –
The methods that are commonly used in water purification are:
Aeration, Coagulation-Flocculation, Sedimentation, Filtration, Disinfectantion
Water is sprayed into the air to release any trapped gases and absorb additional oxygen for better taste.
Aeration
This is the process by which small sediment particles which do not settle well combine together to form larger particles which can be removed by sedimentation.
Coagulation-Flocculation
is the chemical process in which the coagulant reacts with the sediment to make it capable of combining into larger particles. This is called destabilization.
Coagulation-
is the chemical process in which the coagulant reacts with the sediment to make it capable of combining into larger particles. This is called destabilization.
Coagulation-
is the physical process in which the sediment particles collide with each other and stick together.
Flocculation
This is the process by which suspended solids are removed from the water by gravity settling and deposition. This process usually follows coagulation-flocculation. The objective of this process is to remove most of the suspended solids, reducing the loads on the filters.
Sedimentation
This is the passage of fluid through a porous medium suspended matter which did not settle by gravity. In water purification, matter to be removed includes suspended silt, clay, colloids, and microorganisms including algae, bacteria, and viruses. A filter bed consists of a granular non-porous material held one place by the force of gravity or by the direction of flow
Filtration
This is the most important process used in the production of water of a safe and sanitary quality. Chlorination is the method of introducing a controlled amount of chlorine to the water in order to attain a desired degree of disinfection.
Disinfectantion/Chlorination
water flow when soil is infiltrated to full capacity; and excess water and melt
water or other sources
Surface run-off –
water that undergoes a process where the pollutants are removed or rendered
harmless.
Purified Water -
Collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and stored in cisterns or ponds;
Cistern water for drinking should be boiled chlorinated or otherwise sterilized
Rain water
water that contains one or more impurities that make the water unsuitable for a
desired use.
Polluted Water -
water drained from lavatories, sink, laundry trays and showers; contains minor
pollutants.
Grey Water -
water drained from water closets and urinals; carries body wastes and contains
major pollutants.
Black Water -
rainwater drained from roof gutters and downspouts
Storm Water -
WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS
- Acidity
- Hardness
- Turbidity
- Color
- Pollution
Obtained from ponds, lakes and rivers
Natural Surface Water
Obtained from ponds, lakes and rivers
Natural Surface Water
Obtained from underground by means of mechanical manual equioment:
From springs and wells and is the principal source of water for domestic use in most rural
areas
Ground Water
Water is soft & pure and is
IS
suitable for the hot water supply system
Rain water
Water is soft & pure and is
IS
suitable for the hot water supply system
Rain water
Easy to acquire
Usually in large quantities;
Used for irrigation, industrial purposes and, when treated, for community water supply
Natural surface water
Usually has an abundant supply;
requires less
treatment because of natural filtering
Ground water
Only a source during the wet season:
Storage becomes a breeding place for mosquitoes;
Roofs may not be clean
Rain water
Contains a large arnounts of bacteria, organic, & inorganic substances; Purification & trealment is necessary
Natural surface water
May have organic matter & chemical elements treatment is suggested;
Character of ground water, its hardness, depends upon the nalure and condition of the soil and rock through which it passes or percolales
Ground water
May have organic matter & chemical elements treatment is suggested;
Character of ground water, its hardness, depends upon the nalure and condition of the soil and rock through which it passes or percolales
Ground water
