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Psychy > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the human neurological functions as they relate to behavior and perception

A

Physiological psychology

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2
Q

physical mechanisms within the human body that affect the mental processes

A

Physiological psychology

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3
Q

Describe the physical mechanisms of the body that mediate our movements and our mental activity.

A

Physiological psychology

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4
Q

self-awareness and the ability to communicate our thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and memories

A

Consciousness

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5
Q

can vary across the day/night cycle (sleep and dreaming

A

Consciousness

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6
Q

blind patients are unable to see, but are able to reach for objects placed in their blind visual field

A

Blindsight

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7
Q

Implies that we need not be conscious of a stimulus in order to act on that stimulus

A

Blindsight

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8
Q

viewed the world as mechanistic and viewed human behavior in terms of reflexive mechanisms elicited by stimuli in the environment

A

Descartes

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9
Q

proposed that the mind interacted with the physical body through the pineal body

A

Descartes

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10
Q

viewed hydraulic pressure within nerves as the basis for movement

A

Descartes

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11
Q

showed that stimulation of isolated frog nerves will evoke muscle contraction

A

Galvani

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12
Q

noted that nerves carry messages via different channels (Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies)

A

Muller

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13
Q

used ablation(removal of discrete brain areas) in animals to assess the role of brain in the control of behavior

A

Fluorens

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14
Q

removal of discrete brain areas

A

Ablation

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15
Q

reported discrete brain areas that controlled heart rate and breathing, purposeful movements, and visual and auditory reflexes

A

Fluorens

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16
Q

applied electrical stimuli to cortex in dogs to elicit muscle contraction on opposite body side (notion of contralateral)

A

Fritsch and hitzig

17
Q

Identified primary motor cortex, a region of cortex that activates discrete muscles on the opposite side of the body

A

Fritsch and hitzig

18
Q

Other brain regions control movements via connections with primary motor cortex

A

Fritsch and hitzig

19
Q

the belief that the characteristics of an organism serve some useful function

A

Functional

20
Q

suggests that characteristics that allow an organism to reproduce more successfully are passed on to offspring

A

Natural selection

21
Q

consequence is that these characteristics will become more prevalent in a species

A

Natural selection

22
Q

the gradual change in structure and physiology as a result of natural selection

A

Evolution

23
Q

plays an important role in the thinking

of physiological psychologists

A

Evolution

24
Q

study animals to learn of the relation between physiology and behavior

A

Physiological psychology

25
Q

it uses pulses of massively powerful magnets to excite hydrogen atoms which then emit a radio signal which is interpreted into images

A

Magnet resonance imaging

26
Q

Offers very clear, high resolution images of the inside of the body, and is especially useful for seeing the structures of the brain

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

27
Q

works by detecting blood flow volume in the brain.

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

28
Q

Higher rate of blood flow to any given area of the brain indicates that area to be in use and so needing more blood.

A

Fmri

29
Q

Thus experimenters tell people to think or do things and find out which parts of the brain are involved in different tasks.

A

fMRI

30
Q

can also be used to discover what different psychoactive drugs do in the brain.

A

fMRI

31
Q

can also help determine what is malfunctioning in different psychological and psychiatric disorders

It can illustrate developmental changes in brain functioning

A

fMRI

32
Q

A computer analyses x-rays into three dimensions.

A

X ray computed tomography

33
Q

any technique of imaging cross sections (slices) of the body

A

Tomography

34
Q

Radioactive substance (called a tracer) is placed into the body and it emits gamma rays which are detected by a sensor.

The tracer is usually an analog to glucose and so when metabolism increases in an area of the body due to activity, this shows up in the scan and offers an image of what parts are used for different functions. So it works similarly and offers similar information to FMRI

A

Positron emission tomography

35
Q

uses a radioactive substance to map out the functioning of brain areas during different tasks, but the higher concentrations are according to blood flow (like fMRI) and not metabolism (like X-ray CT scan)

A

Single photon emission tomography

36
Q

Measures electrical signals (brain waves) corresponding to brain activity

A

Electroencephalogram

Psychy (5 decks)

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