Intro

Question 1

The word hormone is derived from the Greek hormao meaning…

Answer 1

To excite

Question 2

Endocrine

Answer 2

glands ‘pour’ secretions into blood stream (thyroid, adrenal, beta cells of pancreas)

Question 3

What does exocrine mean?

Answer 3

Glands ‘pour’ secretions through a duct to site of action (pancreas - amylase, lipase)

Question 4

Endocrine hormone action

Answer 4

Blood-borne, acting at distant sites

Question 5

Paracrine

Answer 5

Acting on adjacent cells

Question 6

What does the term “autocrine” mean?

Answer 6

Feedback on the same cell that secreted hormone

Question 7

Water-soluble hormones are unbound and bind to s______ r______ of target cell

Answer 7

surface receptor

Question 8

Water-soluble hormones have a _____ half-life and _____ clearance

Answer 8

short, fast

Question 9

Examples of water-soluble hormones

Answer 9

Peptides (insulin, glucagon), monoamines (histamine, dopamine)
which are stored in vesicles

Question 10

Fat-soluble hormones are p_____ b____ and diffuse into target cell

Answer 10

protein bound

Question 11

Fat-soluble hormones have a _____ half life and ____ clearance

Answer 11

long, slow

Question 12

Fat-soluble hormone examples

Answer 12

Thyroid hormone, steroids

Question 13

Steroids are s______ on demand

Answer 13

synthesised

Question 14

Peptides can vary in length and have a l____ or ring structure

Answer 14

linear

Question 15

Peptides are made of 2 chains and may bind to c______

Answer 15

carbohydrates

Question 16

Peptides are stored in s_____ g_____, they are hydrophilic and water soluble

Answer 16

secretory granules

Question 17

Peptides are released in pulses or bursts and cleared by…

Answer 17

tissue or circulating enzymes

Question 18

After insulin has bound to receptor proteins, it p______ the receptor

Answer 18

phosphorlyates

Question 19

Phosphorylation of receptor causes t_______ k_____ to become active

Answer 19

tyrosine kinase

Question 20

Following the activation of tyrosine kinase, phosphorylation of signal molecules triggers cascade of effects resulting in g____ uptake and a_____ reactions

Answer 20

glucose, anabolic

Question 21

Amines

Answer 21

** look at 14:15?

Question 22

Are thyroid hormones water soluble?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

99% of iodothyronines are p____ b___

Answer 23

protein bound

Question 24

Only 20% of T_ is secreted directly by thyroid

Answer 24

T3

Question 25

Secretory cells release thyroglobulin into c_____

Answer 25

colloid

Question 26

Which molecules are incorporated to form the iodothyrosines?

Answer 26

Iodine and tyrosine

Question 27

C______ of iodothyrosines gives rise to T3 and T4

Answer 27

conjugation

Question 28

Where are T3 and T4 stored?

Answer 28

In colloid bound to thyroglobulin

Question 29

___ stimulates the movement of colloid into secretory cell

Answer 29

TSH

Question 30

T4 and T3 are c______ from thryoglobulin

Answer 30

cleaved

Question 31

Hormone receptor location

Answer 31

**

Question 32

Cholesterol derivatives and steroids eg vitamin D are ____ soluble

Answer 32

fat

Question 33

Vitamin D enters cell directly to nucleus to stimulate ___ production

Answer 33

mRNA

Question 34

How is Vitamin D transported?

Answer 34

Vitamin D binding protein

Question 35

A__________ and g______ steroid are 95% protein bound

Answer 35

Adrenocortical Gonadal

Question 36

After entering cell, adrenocortical and gonadal steroids pass to nucleus to induce a response, are altered to active m______, bind to a cytoplasmic receptor

Answer 36

metabolite

Question 37

*** Slide 19

Question 38

Slide 21 ***

Question 39

Slide 22 ***

Question 41

Hormone metabolism means

Answer 41

Reduced function of that hormone

Question 42

What does synergism mean?

Answer 42

Combined effects of 2 hormones amplified (eg glucagon with adrenaline)

Question 43

Antagonism

Answer 43

One hormone opposes other hormone (eg glucagon antagonizes insulin)

Question 44

Hormones controlling the posterior pituitary are synthesised in the...

Answer 44

hypothalamus

Question 45

What are the 2 hormones which are stored in the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 45

Oxytocin and ADH

Question 46

What hormones are associated with the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 46

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH and PRL (prolactin)

Question 47

In periphery T_ is converted to T_

Answer 47

T4 to T3

Question 48

The half life of T4 is

Answer 48

5 to 7 days

Question 49

The half life of T3 is

Answer 49

1 day