Intro Flashcards
How do we categorize individuals based on age?
Categorized by responsibility
Milestones
Context (single mom, birth order)
Culture
Describe aging in the past.
In 1900 only 4% lived past 65 in the US
Women were widowed before their last child left home
Men usually died while still working their full time job
“Old” people were really old (nearly dead), not likely to live long, the exception not the rule-Chronic Illness was not really a thing
Society/culture/resources set up based on old people are basically dead and medical resources shouldn’t be wasted on them.
Describe aging today.
People are living longer
Retirement - career change
Workforce law and policy changes to protect the aging
Need for long term/short term care
Sandwich generation: caring for their parents and their kids (sometimes including dessert - grandkids)
Chronic illness is now commonplace
Ageism is a real issue
Where does the aging population typically live?
Hospice (medicare)
SNF (medicare, medicaid)
Residential – assisted living; senior living (self pay)
Homes (self pay)
With family- abuse/neglect can often happen
Prison – low quality and underfunded (state or federal pay)
Homeless (services will be free – community based, grants)
What are the different types of ageism?
Personal
Institutional
Intentional
Unintentional
Self-directed
What is personal ageism?
Languages and stereotypes (replace senior citizen with women, Asians, etc.)
Excluding, ignoring older people
Physical abuse
What is institutional ageism?
Mandatory retirement
Absence of older persons in clinical trials
What is intentional ageism?
Marketing and media that use stereotypes of older workers (Hallmark cards)
Denial of job training due to age
What is unintentional ageism?
Lack of emergency preparedness (we know what to do with hospitals, but what about nursing homes and assisted living)
Language used in the media
What is the role of the OT with aging clients?
Recognize personal bias
Achieve health and well-being
Participation in life
- Engagement in occupations
Client centered
Quality of life
Spirituality – introspection - value of life
- Going through old photos, participating in religious events, scrapbooking
What is the early theory of aging?
Disengagement theory – as you age, you disengage from society
- Decreased activity = increased life satisfaction
What do we see?
- Physical and cognitive decline
- Social disengagement
- Marginalization
What is the later theory of aging?
Polar opposite: engagement theory
Increased activity = increased life satisfaction
Terms like “successful aging”
Problems:
- Money
- Attitudes of others
- Illness (chronic)
- Cultural expectations
What model is the perfect fit for aging?
PEOP
What are considerations with the elderly?
Context and environment
Understanding of previous occupational performance, requirements for occupational performance, desire for occupational performance
Meaningful interventions and occupations
SAFETY/accessibility/mobility changes
Role of caregivers
Optimal participation (doesn’t mean full or “normal”)
- if they can no longer dress themselves, let them choose what to wear
What are common intervention sites?
Hospitals
Rehab Facilities
Home Health (may include Retirement homes or Assisted Living)
Skilled Nursing Facilities
Compare aging in the past to aging now.
Why are chronic illnesses more common today?
Obesity is strongly associated with numerous medical conditions including hypertension, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, arthritis, and breast, colon and endometrial cancers.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that eliminating three risk factors – poor diet, inactivity and smoking – would prevent 80% of heart disease and stroke, 80% of type 2 diabetes and 40% of cancer.
ASBOT, AOTA, ALOTA, NBCOT, ETC
HIPAA
HIPAA was passed to help ensure the protection of private client information, called protected health information (PHI) in the act, in light of the increased use of emerging technologies such as the Internet and electronic databases and the security risks associated with their use.
Medicare A and B
Medicare A:
- inpatient hospital stays
- care in SNF
- hospice
- some home health
- NO regular dr visits or prescription drugs
Medicare B:
- certain dr services
- outpatient
- medical supplies
- preventative services
Theories associated with aging
Discuss an aging theory in a functional way. How does it show up in intervention?
Know how to appropriately select assessments we went over in class.
Characteristics of an assessment
Primary prevention
Before they get the disease or disorder
Working in SNF to prevent falls
Secondary prevention
Someone has had a fall, but hasn’t broken anything. and you implement something specific for this patient.
Tertiary prevention
After a fall and hip fx, implementing hip precautions and balance rehab.
