Intro

Question 1

How do we categorize individuals based on age?

Answer 1

Categorized by responsibility
Milestones
Context (single mom, birth order)
Culture

Question 2

Describe aging in the past.

Answer 2

In 1900 only 4% lived past 65 in the US
Women were widowed before their last child left home
Men usually died while still working their full time job
“Old” people were really old (nearly dead), not likely to live long, the exception not the rule-Chronic Illness was not really a thing
Society/culture/resources set up based on old people are basically dead and medical resources shouldn’t be wasted on them.

Question 3

Describe aging today.

Answer 3

People are living longer
Retirement - career change
Workforce law and policy changes to protect the aging
Need for long term/short term care
Sandwich generation: caring for their parents and their kids (sometimes including dessert - grandkids)
Chronic illness is now commonplace
Ageism is a real issue

Question 4

Where does the aging population typically live?

Answer 4

Hospice (medicare)
SNF (medicare, medicaid)
Residential – assisted living; senior living (self pay)
Homes (self pay)
With family- abuse/neglect can often happen
Prison – low quality and underfunded (state or federal pay)
Homeless (services will be free – community based, grants)

Question 5

What are the different types of ageism?

Answer 5

Personal
Institutional
Intentional
Unintentional
Self-directed

Question 6

What is personal ageism?

Answer 6

Languages and stereotypes (replace senior citizen with women, Asians, etc.)
Excluding, ignoring older people
Physical abuse

Question 7

What is institutional ageism?

Answer 7

Mandatory retirement
Absence of older persons in clinical trials

Question 8

What is intentional ageism?

Answer 8

Marketing and media that use stereotypes of older workers (Hallmark cards)
Denial of job training due to age

Question 9

What is unintentional ageism?

Answer 9

Lack of emergency preparedness (we know what to do with hospitals, but what about nursing homes and assisted living)
Language used in the media

Question 10

What is the role of the OT with aging clients?

Answer 10

Recognize personal bias
Achieve health and well-being
Participation in life
- Engagement in occupations
Client centered
Quality of life
Spirituality – introspection - value of life
- Going through old photos, participating in religious events, scrapbooking

Question 11

What is the early theory of aging?

Answer 11

Disengagement theory – as you age, you disengage from society
- Decreased activity = increased life satisfaction
What do we see?
- Physical and cognitive decline
- Social disengagement
- Marginalization

Question 12

What is the later theory of aging?

Answer 12

Polar opposite: engagement theory
Increased activity = increased life satisfaction
Terms like “successful aging”
Problems:
- Money
- Attitudes of others
- Illness (chronic)
- Cultural expectations

Question 13

What model is the perfect fit for aging?

Answer 13

PEOP

Question 14

What are considerations with the elderly?

Answer 14

Context and environment
Understanding of previous occupational performance, requirements for occupational performance, desire for occupational performance
Meaningful interventions and occupations
SAFETY/accessibility/mobility changes
Role of caregivers
Optimal participation (doesn’t mean full or “normal”)
- if they can no longer dress themselves, let them choose what to wear

Question 15

What are common intervention sites?

Answer 15

Hospitals
Rehab Facilities
Home Health (may include Retirement homes or Assisted Living)
Skilled Nursing Facilities

Question 16

Compare aging in the past to aging now.

Question 17

Why are chronic illnesses more common today?

Answer 17

Obesity is strongly associated with numerous medical conditions including hypertension, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, arthritis, and breast, colon and endometrial cancers.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that eliminating three risk factors – poor diet, inactivity and smoking – would prevent 80% of heart disease and stroke, 80% of type 2 diabetes and 40% of cancer.

Question 18

ASBOT, AOTA, ALOTA, NBCOT, ETC

Question 19

HIPAA

Answer 19

HIPAA was passed to help ensure the protection of private client information, called protected health information (PHI) in the act, in light of the increased use of emerging technologies such as the Internet and electronic databases and the security risks associated with their use.

Question 20

Medicare A and B

Answer 20

Medicare A:
- inpatient hospital stays
- care in SNF
- hospice
- some home health
- NO regular dr visits or prescription drugs

Medicare B:
- certain dr services
- outpatient
- medical supplies
- preventative services

Question 21

Theories associated with aging

Question 22

Discuss an aging theory in a functional way. How does it show up in intervention?

Question 23

Know how to appropriately select assessments we went over in class.

Question 24

Characteristics of an assessment

Question 25

Primary prevention

Answer 25

Before they get the disease or disorder
Working in SNF to prevent falls

Question 26

Secondary prevention

Answer 26

Someone has had a fall, but hasn’t broken anything. and you implement something specific for this patient.

Question 27

Tertiary prevention

Answer 27

After a fall and hip fx, implementing hip precautions and balance rehab.