Disease Burden

Question 1

What is the cost associated with caring for those who have suffered a stroke?

Answer 1

Financial cost
- may be losing main source of income
Activity of Cost
- Quality of life
- BADLs, IADLs, executive function

Question 2

What are contributors to stroke?

Answer 2

Age
Minority Group (Native American’s, multiracial, African American)
Sex (young women and older women)
Genetics/Heredity
Hypertension
Smoking
Obesity
Diet
Activity
Diabetes
Alcohol and drug abuse
Cardiac issues

Question 3

What are the different types of arthritis?

Answer 3

Rheumatoid (systemic)
Osteoarthritis
Gout
Lupus and Fibromyalgia (autoimmune arthritis)
Juvenile arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis

Question 4

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 4

Swollen, inflamed synovial membrane
Systemic: bilateral
Can cause osteoarthritis
Usually affects MCP and PIP
Often starts in small joints and spreads to larger joints
Morning pain and stiffness for more than 30 minutes

Question 5

Osteoarthritis

Answer 5

Gradual wearing away of a joint
Occurs mostly in aging population
Typically unilateral
Stiff less than 30 minutes in the morning
Joints feel bony but no soft swelling

Question 6

What are the costs of arthritis?

Answer 6

Financial Costs
- Surgery
- Medication (OTC and Prescription)
* tylenol: pain killer
* aspirin: swelling
- OTC remedies (braces, wraps, creams)
Activity Cost
- Decreased quality of life
- IADLS

Question 7

What can cause arthritis?

Answer 7

Idiopathic
Injury
Wear and tear
Obesity
Other inflammatory diseases
- Diabetes

Question 8

Should clients with arthritis use copper socks/gloves to help decrease pain?

Answer 8

Copper does nothing to decrease pain, swelling, and edema.
However, the compression may decrease edema, therefore decrease pain.

Question 9

Topicals don’t penetrate the skin since skin is waterproof. But rubbing can help reduce edema.

Question 10

What are the different types of dementia?

Answer 10

Alzheimer’s
Vascular
Lewy body
Frontotemporal
Huntington’s
Age-related
Parkinson’s related
Mixed dementia

Question 11

What are risk factors of dementia?

Answer 11

Lack of physical activity
Specific genotype
Lower education levels according to the book
- basically use it or lose it
- someone more educated may have better access to address it earlier
- they’re better at faking it
- better access to programs and medications

Question 12

What are symptoms of dementia?

Answer 12

Problems with abstract thinking
Problems with language
Memory loss
Disorientation
Poor judgement
Loss of initiative
Misplacing things
Personality changes
Difficulty performing familiar tasks

Question 13

Why is obesity a problem?

Answer 13

Heart disease
High BP
Stroke
Cancer
Gallbladder disease
Sleep apnea
Functional limitations
Decreased quality of life
It makes disabilities harder to handle.
- weight limits on adaptive equipment

Question 14

What are areas of dysfunction with the aging population?

Answer 14

Obesity
Cardio/Pulmonary
- COPD
Cancer
Other Neurocognitions
- Parkinson’s
Low vision
- Macular degeneration
Cognitive disorders and decline
Psychological/Social issues

Question 15

Acute care of arthritis

Answer 15

Move it, calm it, support it
- education
- ROM with no pain
- modalities
- gentle stretching
- functional tasks
- orthotics
- assistive devices

Question 16

Common arthritic deformities

Answer 16

Due to biomechanical changes, tendons can stretch or rupture
Swan neck
Boutonniere
Ulnar drift
Bouchard’s nodes
Herbeden’s nodes

Question 17

What is swan neck deformity?

Answer 17

Lateral bands of the extensor mechanism slip above the PIP, thereby hyperextending the PIP joint and flexing of the DIP

Question 18

What is boutonniere deformity?

Answer 18

flexion of the PIP joint and hyperextexion of the DIP
occurs when synovitis weakens, lengthens, or disrupts the dorsal capsule and central slip of the extensor mechanism; the lateral bands displace volarly below PIP

Question 19

Bouchard’s nodes

Answer 19

PIP joint

Question 20

Herbeden’s nodes

Answer 20

DIP joint