Cardiopulmonary Conditions Flashcards
What are types of cardiovascular disease?
High BP
Peripheral artery disease
Arrhythmia
Heart disease
Obesity
Diabetes
Kidney dysfunction
CAD
Congestive heart failure
Stoke
Congenital heart disease
What are risk factors of cardiopulmonary conditions?
Modifiable:
Obesity
diabetes
Dyslipidemia - high cholesterol
Hypertension
Smoking
Alcohol misuse
Unhealthy diet
Physical inactivity
Psychosocial factors
Nonmodifiable:
Genetic predisposition
Race/ethnicity
Gender
Aging
What is hypertension?
high BP
often asymptomatic
What is coronary artery disease (CAD)
Heart attack
Most common in those 65+
Attributed to atherosclerosis (collection of plaque in arteries as we age)
Causes: angina pectoralis (stable or unstable), heart failure, death
- angina pectoralis: if it’s stable we know what causes it and it’s not as serious, lasts less than 3 minutes; unstable always has to be treated as a potential MI
Diagnosed with echocardiogram or angiogram (may put balloon or stent in)
How can CAD be treated?
Nitroglycerin
- if nitroglycerin helps = no ambulance
Beta blockers
Ace inhibitors
CABG (coronary artery bypass graft)
PCI (pericutaneous coronary intervention)
What are characteristics of a heart attack?
Chest pain (angina)
- After 15 min
- Usually “different”
Fullness/Pressure
Radiating pain or pressure into jaw and arm (commonly left)
Dyspnea: shortness of breath
Diaphoresis: sweating
Epigastric pain
Nausea/vomiting
What is congestive heart failure?
Common in pt with a history of HBP
Can result from MI or CAD
Can be unilateral or bilateral
Heart is not able to pump enough blood, causing a back of blood in the lungs and heart, causing the heart to enlarge
What are symptoms of congestive heart failure?
Shortness of breath
Difficulty focusing
Fatigue
Confusion
Lowered ability to exercise
Heart palpitations
Dry, hacking cough
Edema
What are the stages of congestive heart failure?
Stage 1: breathlessness or tiredness (with brisk walk, jog, or stairs)
Stage 2: comfortable when resting; heart races or breathlessness when walking a block or taking stairs
Stage 3: palpitation or tiredness with simple tasks like standing or walking short distances
Stage 4: heart and breath go faster even at rest; tiredness even while sitting; anxiety and palpitations almost all the time
What medications can be used with congestive heart failure?
Beta blockers/Ace Inhibitors
Blood pressure meds
Diuretics (increased urgency)
Supplemental O2
Heart Transplant
What is COPD?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Causes air flow blockage and breathing problems and causes a failure of gas exchange.
There is limited reserve lung capacity (hypoxemia)
It’s irreversible.
Caused by smoking, air pollutants, genes.
Symptoms: cough, phlegm production, shortness of breath, wheezing.
How do you assess COPD?
Pulmonary function test (PFT)
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
What is ARDS?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
It’s a reaction to an illness such as flu, COVID, pneumonia, sepsis, or trauma.
Can be treated with medication and therapy.
What is ILD?
Interstitial lung disease
Usually chronic and has a poor outcome.
Anyone can get ILD including children.
Increased risk:
- smoking
- genetic predisposition
- exposure to hazardous materials
- exposure to certain meds or therapies (chemo, radiation)
- some autoimmune diseases such as scleroderma, sarcoidosis, RA
What type of approach are we most likely to take when treated cardiopulmonary patients?
Remedial
- therapeutic exercise, breathing exercises, functional tasks and activities
- clients are suitable for remedial track is they aren’t chronic
- FORs: biomechanical, EHP, MOHO, PEO, OA
Compensatory/adaptive/rehabilitation
- energy conservation, adaptive equipment, task modification
- FORs: rehabilitative, OA, MOHO, PEO, CMOP, task oriented
What is the exercise intensity (METs) for ADLs?
LOOK AT MET CHARTS
* Pedretti and Trombly
What is the Borg Rate of Perceived Exertion Scale (RPE)?
