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Sc 23 - Head and neck Neuroanatomy > Intracranial Region > Flashcards

Intracranial Region Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial fossae

- 3 of them

A
  • Anterior
  • Middle
  • Posterior
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2
Q

Anterior Cranial Fossa

- Contains the FRONTAL LOBE

A

Includes:-

  • Frontal bone
  • Ethmoid
  • Lesser wing of Sphenoid
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3
Q

Middle Cranial Fossa

- Contains the TEMPORAL LOBE

A

Includes:-

  • Sphenoid (greater wings and body plus sinus)
  • Petrous part of the temporal bone
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4
Q

Posterior Cranial Fossa

- Contains the CEREBELLUM

A

Includes:-

  • Temporal bone
  • Occipital bone
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5
Q

Sella Turcica

“Turkish Saddle”

A

Saddle like prominence crossing the midline on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid
Contains the PITUITARY GLAND

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6
Q

Cribiform plate

A

Structures passing through:

CN I - Olfactory Nerve

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7
Q

Optic Canal

A

Structures passing through:

  • CN II: Optic Nerve
  • Opthalmic Artery
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8
Q

Foramen Cecum

A

Structures passing through:

- Emissiary veins to the nasal cavity

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9
Q

Superior Orbital Fossa

SOF

A 
Structures passing through:
- Cranial nerves:
       CN III - Occulomotor
       CN IV - Trochlear
       CN V1 - Opthalmic branch of trigeminal 
       CN VI - Abducens
- Opthalmic veins
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10
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Structures passing through:

  • CN V3 - Mandibular branch of the trigeminal
  • lesser petrosal nerve
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11
Q

Foramen Rotundum

A

Structures passing through:

- CN V2 - Maxillary branch of the trigeminal

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12
Q

Foranen Spinosum

A

Structures passing through:

- MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY

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13
Q

Petrosal nerves:

  • Greater
  • Lesser
A

Greater travels through:
- Hiatus for the greater petrosal n.

Lesser travels through:
- Hiatus for the lesser petrosal n.

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14
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

Structures passing through:

  • End of brainstem/beginning of SPINAL CORD
  • Vertebral Arteries
  • Spinal roots of the accessory nerve (CN XI)
  • Meninges
  • Medulla Oblongata
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15
Q

Internal Acoustic Meatus (IAM)

A

Structures passing through:

- Labyrinthine Artery

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16
Q

Jugular Foramen

A

Structures passing through:

  • Inferior petrosal sinus
  • Sigmoidal sinus (forming the Internal Jugular Vein)
17
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

Structures passing through::

- Meningeal branch of the Ascending Pharyngeal Artery

18
Q

Condylar Canal

A

Structures passing through:

- Emissary Vein

19
Q

Trigeminal Nerve - CN V
Made up of 3 branchs
Largest Cranial Nerve

A

CN V1 - Opthalmic branch (purely SENSORY)
CN V2 - Maxillary branch (purely SENSORY)
CN V3 - Mandibular nerve (SENSORY & MOTOR function)

20
Q

Meninges

- Made of 3 layers

A
  • Dura Mater (tough)
  • Arachnoid Mater
  • Pia Mater
21
Q

Choroid Plexus

- Function

A

Makes CSF

22
Q

Dura Mater

  • tough
  • has 2 layers
A 
Outermost of the meninges
Made of COLLAGEN FIBRES
Acts as a mechanically protective covering
2 layers:
- Periosteal layer
- Meningeal layer
23
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Delicate - small veins run between Dura and Arachnoid

Made of NON-VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

24
Q

Pia Mater

A

Continuous with the surface of the brain/cord
Supports the blood supply of the brain
Forms the Choroid plexus together with ependymal cells
CAN’T be seen with the naked eye

25
Q

Middle Meningeal Artery

- Rupture: can cause an Extradural/Epidural Haemorrhage

A

Largest of the 3 paired arteries supplying the meninges.
Branch of the MAXILLARY ARTERY; a terminal branch of the EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
Runs through the Foramen Spinosum to supply the Dura Mater and the Calvaria
Runs beneath the Pterion, where the skull is very thin

26
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

Fold of Dura Mater in the longitudinal fissure that separates the cerebral hemispheres

27
Q

Falx Cerebelli

A

Fold of the Dura Mater that separates the Cerebellar hemispheres

28
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli

A

Extension of the Dura Mater separating the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the Occipital lobes

29
Q

Dural Venous Sinuses

A

Spaces between Periosteal and Meningeal layers of dura containing venous blood.
No valves in the venous sinuses
Blood in the venous sinuses originates mostly from the Brain and Cranial cavity
Drains via the Internal Jugular Vein

30
Q

Dural venous sinuses

A
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Inferior sagittal sinus
  • Straight sinus
  • Cavernous
  • Sup & inf petrosal
  • Transverse & sigmoid sinuses
31
Q

Contents of Cavernous Sinus

A
  • Carotid Artery
  • Cranial nerves:
    Occulomotor; Trochlear; Opthalmic; Maxillary; Abducens
  • Pituitary gland
  • Sympathetic nerve
32
Q

Extradural/ Epidural Haemorrhage

  • Location
  • Commonly occurs due to
A

Occurs between the Dura and the Skull
Common following a blow to the side of the head
Often due to the rupture of the Middle Meningeal Artery

33
Q

Middle Meningeal artery

A

3rd branch of the first part (retromandibular part) of the Maxillary Artery
Which is one of the two terminal branches of the External Carotid Artery

34
Q

Subdural Haemorrhage

A

Occurs when veins crossing the subdural space bursts.
Blood builds up between the dura mater and the arachnoid.
Life threatening; blood may compress the brain
Leads to:-
- Loss of consciousness
- Paralysis
- Death
Can be ACUTE or CHRONIC

35
Q

Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

A

Occurs between the Arachnoid and the Pia Mater

36
Q

CSF circultion

A

Formed in the Ventricles from the Choroid Plexus
Exits from the vent sys. via openings in roof of 4th ventricle into sub-arachnoid space (Cisterna Magna)
Re-absorbed via Arachnoid Granulations into systemic veins (e.g. sup sagittal sinus)

37
Q

Spinal cord meninges

- from outside to inside

A
  • Dura Mater
  • Arachnoid
  • Pia Mater
    then white & grey matter

Sc 23 - Head and neck Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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