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Sc 23 - Head and neck Neuroanatomy > Face and Scalp > Flashcards

Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

Bones forming the Facial skeleton

A
  • (Frontal)
  • (Ethmoid)
  • Nasal
  • Zygomatic
  • Maxilla
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2
Q

Only movable facial bone

A

Mandible

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3
Q

Trigeminal Nerve - CN V

A

3 branches:-

  • Ophthalmic
  • Maxillary
  • Mandibular
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4
Q

Ophthalmic

A

Vi or V1

Sensory

Passes through the Superior Orbital Fissure

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5
Q

Maxillary

A

Vii or V2

Sensory

Passes through the Foramen Rotundum

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6
Q

Mandibular

A

Viii or V3

Mixed

Passes through Foramen Ovale

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7
Q

Cutaneous innervation of the face

A

Sensory nerves of face enter though a series of foramina: V1 - Supraorbital; Supratrochlear

V2 - Infraorbital

V3 - Mental; Auriculotemporal

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8
Q

Ophthalmic V1 sensory to:

A
  • Skin of forehead (most of)
  • Conjunctiva
  • Upper eyelid, bridge of nose
  • Frontal sinus
  • Antero-superior nasla cavity (muscosa)
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9
Q

Maxillary V2 sensory to:

A

Most of skin of cheek, upper lip and all structures deep to them

  • upper teeth
  • gums
  • oral aspect of hard and soft palate
  • maxillary sinus
  • posterior-inferior nasal cavity
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10
Q

Mandibular V3 sensory to:

A
  • Skin of temple
  • Most of skin over lower jaw
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11
Q

Mandibular V3 Motor to:

A
  • Muscles of Mastication
  • Tensor tympani (dampens down sound i.e. from talking and chewing)
  • Tensor palatini (moves hard palate)
  • Anterior belly of digastric
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12
Q

Inferior alveolar branch of Mandibular branch of CN V

A
  • enters the mandibular bone through the mandibular foramen
  • Used to deliver a Mandibular block
  • Branches off to the teeth as the Inferior Dental Plexus
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13
Q

Surgical management of Trigeminal neuralgia

A

posterior fossa craniotomy (removing a bone flap from the skull) at the confluence of the sigmoid and transverse sinus

Vascual decompression of CN V

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14
Q

Facial artery

A

Branch of the External Carotid Artery

Just above the Linguinal artery, which after a tortuous journey, ends as the Angular Artery at the medial commisure of the eye

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15
Q

Transverse Facial Artery

A

Runs just above the Parotid Duct Branch of the Superficial Temporal Artery

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16
Q

Common carotid artery - splits into 2

A
  • ICA : supplies Brain and the Circle of Willis
  • ECA: supplies the face (external)
17
Q

Facial Vein (anterior facial vein)

A

Commences at side of root of the nose as a direct continuation of the angular vein

Lies BEHIND the Facial Artery and follows a less tortuous course

Receives blood from the External Palatine vein before:

  1. joining the ant branch of the Retromandibular vein to form the Common Facial Vein
  2. Draining directly into the Internal Jugular Vein
18
Q

Clinical importance of Facial Vein

A

has a direct connection to the Ophthalmic vein and then to a deep venous sinus within the cranial activity, Cavernous Sinus.

Bacteria can enter the facial vein and gain access to internal cranial structures resulting in infection there

19
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression

A
  • Epicranius : Frontalis & Occipitalis
  • Orbicularis Oculi
  • Orbicularis Oris
  • Buccinator
  • Zygomaticus
  • Platysma
20
Q

Epicranius: Frontalis & Occipitalis

  • Origin to Insertion
  • Action
A

Origin/Insertion:

  • Cranial aponeurosis
  • Eyebrows

Action:

  • Raises the eyebrows
21
Q

Orbicularis Oculi (eye)

  • Origin to Insertion
  • Action
A

Origin to Insertion:

  • Portions of the frontal and maxilla
  • to skin around the eyes

Action:

  • Blinks
  • Closes eyes
22
Q

Orbicularis Oris (mouth)

  • Origin to Insertion
  • Action
A

Origin to Insertion:

  • Skin around mouth

Action:

  • Closes and protrudes the lips
23
Q

Buccinator:

  • Origin to Insertion
  • Action
A

Origin to Insertion:

  • -Mandible/Maxilla to skin around mouth

Action:

  • Flattens cheek against teeth
  • Keeps food in mouth whilst you chew
24
Q

Zygomaticus:

  • Origin to Insertion
  • Action
A

Origin to Insertion:

  • Zygomatic bone to corner of lips

Action:

  • Raises corner of mouth
25
Q

Platysma

  • Origin to Insertion
  • Action
A

Origin to Insertion:

  • Fascia of chest
  • To lower border of Mandible

Action:

  • Draws mouth downward
26
Q

Facial Nerve

CN VII

Mneumonic: Two Zulus Borrowed My Cat

A

Motor Branches:

  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buccal
  • Marginal Mandibular
  • Cervical
27
Q

Facial Nerve

Branchial Motor (special visceral efferent)

A

Supplies:

  • THE MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
  • Posterior belly of Digastric muscle
  • Stylohyoid
  • Stapedius
28
Q

Facial Nerve

Visceral Motor (general visceral efferent)

A

Parasymp innerv of:

  • lacrimal
  • submandibular
  • sublingual glands
  • mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, hard and soft palate
29
Q

Facial Nerve

Special sensory (Special afferent)

A

TASTE SENSTATION FROM THE ANT 2/3RDS of tongue hard and soft palates

30
Q

Facial Nerve

General Sensory (General somatic afferent)

A

General sensation from the skin of the concha of the auricle and from a small area behind the ear

31
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A
  • Paralysis of muscles on one side of face
  • Due to swelling of facial nerve (CN VII)
  • Usually develops over 1-3 days
  • Slowly improves/completely goes away in 1-3 months
  • Most ppl with Bell’s Palsy completely recover; some are left with weakness on side of face
  • *Most common in adults in the 40s
32
Q

Parotid Gland

A
  • Tightly enclosed in fascia; swelling is painful = “mumps”
  • Contains TERMINAL branches of CN VII
  • Parotid duct lies on the Masseter and pierces the Buccinator
  • Duct opens into the oral cavity near the second upper molar tooth
  • External Carotid divides into its terminal branches in the gland (maxillary art. and superficial temporal)
33
Q

SCALP

N.B. also a useful acronym

A

Scalp is made up of 5 layers:

  • Skin
  • Connective tissue
  • Aponeurosis - occipito-frontalis
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Periosteum
34
Q

Arterial supply of Scalp

A
  • Superficial Temporal Artery
  • Supraorbital Artery
  • Occipital and Posterior Auricular Arteries

These are free anastomoses from side to side.

Vessels run through the dense connective tissue (in the 2nd layer of the scalp)

35
Q

Scalp

Cutaneous Innervation

A
  • Front - Supraorbital nerve Vi Ophthalmic
  • Side - Auriculotemporal nerve Viii Mandibular
  • Back - Greater Occipital nerve CN II (optic)
  • Side - Lesser Occipital nerve CN II (optic)
36
Q

Panda’s Eyes

A

Loose connective layer of scalp:

  • can allow bacteria/fluid to pass freely from the post. aspect of the scalp into the eyelids in front
  • Trauma in back of head: can result in blood showing up in the eyelids
  • should make you suspect something going on in the back of the head
37
Q

What is the skin over the angle of the jaw supplied by?

A

CN II Optic nerve

Sc 23 - Head and neck Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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