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Molecular Exam 2 > Intracellular Vesicular Traffic 2 > Flashcards

Intracellular Vesicular Traffic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

membrane enclosed compartments filled with hydrolytic enzymes

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2
Q

What do lysosomes require for optimal activation?

A

acidic environment and proteolytic cleavage

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3
Q

What does a lysosome do?

A

intracellular digestion of macromolecules

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4
Q

What does a vacuolar ATPase do?

A

pumps H+ into lysosomes to maintain the acidic pH and drive transport of small metabolites

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5
Q

What is the pH inside of lysosomes?

A

5

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6
Q

What does the pathway that transports from the golgi network to the lysosome do?

A

delivers membrane proteins and hydrolyses to lysosomes

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7
Q

Lysosomal hydrolyses have sorting signal _______ attached to them in the ______

A

mannose-6-phosphate, cis golgi network

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8
Q

What receptors in the trans golgi network recognize mannose?

A

mannose-6-phosphate receptors

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9
Q

What type of vesicles are lysosomal proteins packaged into that bud from the TGN?

A

clathrin coated

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10
Q

Where are lysosomal proteins delivered to?

A

endosomes then lysosomes

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11
Q

What causes lysosomal storage diseases?

A

genetic defects in lysosomal hydrolases resulting in accumulation of undigested material in lysosomes

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12
Q

What is Hurler’s disease?

A

mutation in enzyme required to break down glycosaminoglycan chains

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13
Q

What is inclusion cell disease?

A

all of the lysosomal hydrolyses are missing in many cell types. Undigested substrates accumulate as inclusions

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14
Q

__________ adds M6P to lysosomal hydrolases

A

GlcNAc phosphotransferase

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15
Q

What happens when GlcNAc phosphotransferse does not add M6P to lysosomal hydrolyses?

A

enyzymes are not phosphorylated and not sorted into vesicles and not delivered to lysosomes instead careered to cell surface and secreted

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16
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

uptake of macromolecules from exterior across plasma membrane

17
Q

PM _______ and pinches off to form ______

A

invaginate; endocytic vesicles

18
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

large particles ingested by vesicles

19
Q

What is pinocytosis

A

small particles ingested by vesicles

20
Q

What is receptor mediated endocytosis used for?

A

import select macromolecules from outside cell

21
Q

What is an example of receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

cholesterol uptake

22
Q

What are the steps in receptor mediated endocytosis?

A
  • molecule bind to receptors on membrane surface
  • accumulate in clathrin coated pits
  • enter cell as receptor macromolecular completely in clathrin coated vesicles
23
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis provides a ________ mechanism

A

selective concentration

24
Q

Phagocytosis is carried out by _______

A

phagocytes

25
Q

_______ fuse with lysosomes and ingested material is ______

A

phagosomes; degraded

26
Q

How is undigested material secreted?

A

via exocytosis

27
Q

Phagocytosis triggered by _______ to receptors on phagocyte surface

A

binding of particle

28
Q

What is pseudopod formation driven by?

A

localized actin polymerization and reorganization

29
Q

antibodies binding to microbe triggers formation of a _____ which engulfs the particle and forms a _____

A

pseudopod; phagosome

30
Q

What is phagocytosis controlled by?

A

Rho GTPses and phosphoionositide signaling

31
Q

Where does pinocytosis begin?

A

at clathrin coated pits

32
Q

What are caveolae?

A

flask shaped invaginations in PM

33
Q

Caveolae are enriched in ____ and ____ and ______

A

cholesterol; glycospingolipids; GPI anchored membrane proteins

34
Q

What is the structural protein of a caveolae?

A

caveolin

35
Q

Caveolae invaginate into membrane by virtue of ________ composition and not the protein coat

A

lipid

36
Q

Do caveolae connect or not connect with lysosomes?

A

do not connect

37
Q

Where does exocytosis transport vesicles?

A

trans golgi network to plasma membrane

38
Q

How often do constitutive secretory pathways operate?

A

continously

39
Q

When do regulated secretory pathways operate?

A

when triggered by signals

Molecular Exam 2 (13 decks)

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