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BIOCHEMISTRY 1 > INTRACELLULAR TRAFICKING > Flashcards

INTRACELLULAR TRAFICKING Flashcards

1
Q

ENDOCYTOSIS

A

– Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (receptor-dependent)adaptin
– Potocytosis (receptor-dependent in caveolae)
– Macropinocytosis
– Phagocytosis

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2
Q

• exocytosis

A

– constitutive

– regulated (Ca2+ triggered)

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3
Q

Formation of vesicle

A

Initiation, invagination, constriction, fission, uncoating

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4
Q

From ER–> golgi

A

COP II by help of Sar1 (GTP binding protein)

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5
Q

From golgi–>er/ PM

A

COP I by help of ARF (GTP binding protein)

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6
Q

Rab

A

control most steps of vesicle transport

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7
Q

Recognition of the target membrane through

A

SNARE
v-snare and t-snare
v=vesicle t=target membrane

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8
Q

Actin

A

• Globular proteins (α,β,γ types)
• polarized polymerization (pointed and barbed ends)
• function: (moving organelles, cellular motion
cell adhesion structures, maintenance of cell volume

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9
Q

Intermediate filaments

A 
No polarity
No motor proteins associated
High tensile strength
Resistant to compression,
twisting and bending forces
Heterogeneous
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10
Q

Microtubules

A

• polymers of tubulin subunits
• alpha and beta-tubulins
• polarized polymerization (- and + ends)
• tube formed by 13 polymers (23 nm diameter)
• negative end at the microtubule organizing center
(MTOC): centriole or basal body
• function: organelle movements, mitotic spindle,
cilia and flagella

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11
Q

Colchicine

A

“mitotic poison” or spindle poison
binds to tubulin and inhibits
microtubule polymerization

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12
Q

Motor proteins associated to microtubules:

A

dyneins and kinesins

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13
Q

Translocation complex in mitochondria

A

TOM and TIM

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14
Q

NLS

A

Nucleas localization signal that interact with importins and ran

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15
Q

Ran GAP

A

RAN + GTP–>RAN GDP with help of Ran GAP

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16
Q

RAN GEP

A

Ran GDP–> ran takes away Gdp from RAN in nucleus

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17
Q

SRP

A

signal recognition particle at N-terminus of poly Pwhich interact with SRP-receptor and GTP gets hydrolyzed

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18
Q

translocon

A

3 membrane protein, forming a protein conducting channel in ER

19
Q

signal peptidase

A

cleavage of SNP of protein

20
Q

how does protein bind to translocon

A

by hydrophobic interactions

21
Q

PTS

A

PTS 1 on carboxyl termianal

PTS2 on amino terminal

22
Q

PEX 5

A

PTS 1 forms complex with pex 5

23
Q

PEX 7

A

PTS 2 forms complex with pex 7

24
Q

ATP in peroxisom

A

Matrix proteins need ATP and membrane proteins doesnt

25
Q

Chaperone

A

assist in covalent folding or unfolding of proteins

26
Q

Hsp 70

A

Acts as chaperone in mitochondria preventing folding of protein

27
Q

BIP

A

Binding immunoglobin protein

prevents aggregation and prompts proper folding

28
Q

Example of post translational translocation

A

Cytochrome B5

29
Q

KDEL

A

ER retention signal

golgi–> er cop I

30
Q

ERAD

A

ER associated degradation

takes care of proteins that have been missfolded to enter proteasomes

31
Q

P97

A

ATP source for ERAD

32
Q

Two pathways for degradation

A

Lysosomal proteases, NO ATP

Ubiquitin, ATP

33
Q

Enzymes of protein degradation

A

E1-activation enzyme
E2- conjugation enzyme
E3- ligase enzym

34
Q

Minimuma amount of ubiquitin molecules to be present to degrade protein

A

4

35
Q

The endomembrane system

A
  • nuclear envelope
  • endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • lysosome (phagosome, autophagosome)
  • endosome
  • transport vesicles
  • cell membrane
  • peroxisome (?)

Mitochondria
• inner and outer mitochondrial membranes

36
Q

N-linked glycosylation

A

The attachment of oligosaccharide, glycan to a nitrogen atom (amide nitrogen of asparagine (Asn) residue of a protein in ER

37
Q

Function of golgi

A 
glycoprotein maturation
O-glycosylation
limited proteolysis
protein sorting
synthesis of sphingomyelin, glycolipids,  proteoglycans,
polysaccharides, glucosaminoglycans
38
Q

Lysosome

A

Its enzymes can break up almost anything.

39
Q

Enzymes in lysosome

A 
– DNAse, RNAse
– proteases (e.g. cathepsins)
– glycosidases
– lipases
– phosphatases
– sulfatases
40
Q

Mitochondria matrix

A 
Matrix
nucleoid,
ribosomes,
large enzyme
complexes
41
Q

Mitochondria Inner membrane

A

impermeable

protein: lipid ratio > 3:1
- transporters for metabolites and proteins
- enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation
- proteins of fusion and fission

42
Q

Mitochondria outer membrane

A

pores (porin)

permeable for up to 5 KDa

43
Q

N-glycosylation

A

dolichol

arginine, glucose, mannose, N-acetylglucose-amine

BIOCHEMISTRY 1 (17 decks)

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