Intra-op Flashcards
Stages of anesthesia
Stage 1 Beginning anesthesia: pt feels warmth, dizziness, and some detachment. Unnecessary noise should be avoided
Stage 2 Excitement : Try to avoid. Pt pupils dilated, rapid pulse, irregular respirations, uncontrolled movement, be ready to restrain pt.
Stage 3 Surgical anesthesia: Pt unconscious, pupils constricted, regular RR, normal pulses, flushed and pink skin
Stage 4 Medullary depression: AVOID. DANGER! Shallow respirations, weak and thready pulses, dilated and unresponsive pupils
Surgical Zones
Unrestricted: Street clothes
Semi-restricted: Scrubs and caps
Restricted: STERILE! Scrubs, caps and MASK
Maintaining Sterility
Gowns are sterile in front from chest to level of sterile field, sleeves are sterile from 2 inches above the elbow to the cuff. Do not turn back to sterile field.
Types of Anesthesia
Regional: injected near the nerves so the region around the nerves is anesthetized. Pt is awake and aware. Local and regional anesthetics end in -CAINE
General: CNS depression (Narcosis), pain relief, relaxation and reflex loss
Epidural: Injected directly into epidural space surrounding dura mater of spinal cord. Blocks sensory, motor and autonomic functions. (Does not result in headache)
Spinal: local anesthetic injected into subarachnoid space at lumbar level L4 and L5. Pt is positioned on side in the knee to chest position. Arms are not paralyzed!
What is malignant hyperthermia?
inherited muscle disorder induced by anesthesia (10-20 min after induction). A disruption of calcium increases muscle contraction (rigidity), tetany, and causes hyperthermia and damage to CNS
