Intestinal Nematodes Flashcards
Intestinal infection + anal pruritis (scotch tape test)
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
E vermicularis transmission
food contaminated with eggs
E vermicularis Tx
bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate (worms are bendy; treat with mebendazole)
Intestinal infection onlly
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
Ascaris transmission
fecal oral-eggs visible in feces under microscope
Ascaris Tx
Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Intestinal Infection+vomiting, diarrhea, anemia
Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides transmission
larvae in soil penetrate skin
Strongyloides Tx
ivermectin or albendazole
intestinal infxn + anemia
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms)
Ancylostoma/Necator anemia mechanism
suck blood from instestinal walls
Ancylostoma/Necator Tx
bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
Ascaris epidemiology
US Southern mountains
Ascaris life cycle
Eat->hatch in intestine->invade->travel to lungs in blood->grow->coughed up, swallowed->new eggs hatch in intestine
Necator transmission
soil->penetrates skin as filariform larva after growing 1 week in soil
Most common Necator invasive site
between toes
Necator life cycle
Skin->lungs->coughed up, swallowed->SI, adults attach with mouths, suck blood, and release eggs
Strongyloides life cycle
Skin->lungs-> coughed up->SI->lay eggs
Are Strongyloides eggs passed in stool?
No
What are 3 actions Strongyloides filariform can do when hatch?
1) penetrate intestin, go to lung
2) pass out w/feces/ survive and maturate in soil, penetrate another (like Necator does)
3) replicate in stool, then come out mature and ready to infect
‘Bend’ drugs
Mebendazole
Albendazole
Thiabendazole
Bend with most AEs
Thiabendazole
Bend MOA
paralyze parasite, which is passed in stool
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever progressing to muscle ache
Trichenella spiralis
T spiralis transmission
ingestion if larvae cysts
What food are T spiralis cysts common in?
Raw pork
T spiralis life cycle
ingestion->SI, maturation-> males into feces, females penetrate mucosa and produce larvae, which enter bloodstream and spread
T spiralis Dx
serology, muscle biopsy (for larvae cysts)
T spiralis CBC
lots of eos, inc CPK
T spiralis Tx
mostly prevention (cook/freeze pork before eating). Bend drugs effective against enteric stage, but not against muscle stage
