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DTMH Block 3 > Intestinal helminths > Flashcards

Intestinal helminths Flashcards

1
Q

What is the other name for trematodes?

A

Flukes

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2
Q

Which trematode is not hermaphroditic?

A

Schistosomiasis

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3
Q

What are the 5 trematodes?

A

Schisto
Clonorchis sinuses
F. hepatica/buski
P.westermani
H. heterophyes

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4
Q

Discuss the life cycles of trematodes

A

Eggs released in faeces -> miracidia -> primary host (snails) -> secondary host -> ingest/penetrate -> large GI -> excyst if miracidia
- bile duct (f. hepatica, c. sinensis)
- lung (p. westermani)
- mucosa (f. buski)

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5
Q

What is the ‘Chinese liver fluke’?

A

C. sinensis

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6
Q

Discuss the life cycle of c.sinensis

A
  1. Metacercariae ingested with raw fish -> larva hatch in small intestine -> larva migrate to bile duct
  2. Worm matures and adults live in bile duct
  3. Embryonated eggs pass in faeces -> eggs eaten by snail -> miracidium hatches in snail
  4. Cercaria leave snail and encyst on fish
  5. Metacercaria in fish muscle
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7
Q

What is the shape of c.sinesis called?

A

Coffee pot

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8
Q

Which trematode produces the largest parasitic eggs?

A

F. hepatica

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9
Q

Discuss the life cycle of p.westermani

A
  1. Metacercariae ingested with raw crab -> worms hatch in small intestine -> mature in lung
  2. Unembronayed eggs in lung passed in faeces
  3. Miracidia penetrate snail -> cercariae leave snail -> cercaeriae encyst in crab -> metacercariae
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10
Q

What is p.westermani also called?

A

‘Lung fluke’

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11
Q

What are tapeworms also called?

A

Platyhelminths

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12
Q

Which tapeworm does not require an animal intermediate host?

A

Hymenolepsis nana

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13
Q

What is the beef tapeworm?

A

Taenia saginata

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14
Q

What is the pork tapeworm?

A

Taenia solium

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15
Q

What is the fish tapeworm?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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16
Q

What is the rat tapeworm?

A

Hymenolepsis dimunata

17
Q

What is the dog tapeworm?

A

Dipylidium caninum

18
Q

How many suckers does the saginata scolex have?

A

4

19
Q

How do you differentiate the proglottids of saginata vs solium?

A

Saginata >15 uterine branches
Solium <15 uterine branches

20
Q

Discuss the life cycle of the fish tapeworm

A
  1. Pleurocercoid larvae ingested via raw fish
  2. Adults live in small intestine (2 groove scolex)
  3. Gravid proglottid passes to colon if faeces deposited into water the larvae hatch in water
  4. Copepod eats larva -> minnow eats copepod -> fish eats minnow
21
Q

Discuss the life cycle of hymenolepsis nana

A
  1. Embryonated eggs in faeces -> ingested by insects -> cysticercoid develops and ingested when humans eat arthropods
  2. Oncosphere hatches and cysticercoid develops in intestinal villus
  3. Adult in ileum -> eggs released via genital atrium of gravid proglottids
  4. Autoinfection if eggs remain in intestine (hexacanth embryo penetrates intestinal villus to continue cycle)
22
Q

Name the intestinal nematodes

A

Enterobius vermicularis
Trichuris trichiura
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ancylostoma/necator
Strongyloides stercoralis

23
Q

Pinworm name?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

24
Q

Whipworm name?

A

Trichuris trichina

25
Q

Roundworm name?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

26
Q

Hookworm name?

A

Ancylostoma/necator

27
Q

Threadworm name?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

28
Q

Which intestinal nematode is NOT a soil transmitted helminth?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

29
Q

Which nematode has ‘tea tray’ eggs?

A

Trichuris

30
Q

Which nematode has 3 lips at mouth?

A

Ascaris

31
Q

Which nematode has mammelated eggs?

A

Ascaris (lumps and bumps)

32
Q

Which nematodes can cause Loeffler syndrome?

A

Strongyloides
Ascaris
Hookworms

33
Q

What is the treatment of strongyloides?

A

Ivermectin
Albendazole (adult worms only)

34
Q

Which nematode can produce without a male?

A

Strongyloides

35
Q

Discuss the clinical presentation of strongyloides

A

Diarrhea
Rash
Abdominal pain
Eosinophilia

36
Q

Which nematode causes larva currens?

A

Strongyloides

37
Q

What is sandworm and what rash does it cause?

A

Dog hookworm
Larva migrans (slow, chronic)

DTMH Block 3 (18 decks)

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