interviews/ questionnares

Question 1

What are open questions ?

Answer 1

No fixed range of answers and respondents are free to answer the way they wish.

participants can expand on answers and the interviewer can ask “why “ a participant chose a certain answer

There can be elaboration

Question 2

What is a closed question?

Answer 2

A closed question offers a fixed number of responses

this could be a ratings scale tick box etc

Question 3

What is a weakness of a closed question ?

Answer 3

Lacks depth and detail

Question 4

What is social desirability bias ?

Answer 4

When respondents may change their answers to those that they think are most socially acceptable

Question 5

What is a semi structured interview ?

Answer 5

A list of questions but the interviewer can explain questions that have been misunderstood and ask follow up questions where appropriate

Question 6

What is a structured interview?

Answer 6

Pre determined set list of questions that are asked in a fixed order.

Question 7

What are the weaknesses of a structured interview ?

Answer 7

Less depth in answers as participants can’t elaborate on asnwers

lack of insight

cant deviate or elaborate on points

social desirability bias

Question 8

What is a likert scale?

Answer 8

When a respondent indicates how much or how little they agree with a statement.
usually uses a 5 point scale

Strongly agree
Agree
neither agree or disagree
disagree
strongly disagree

Question 9

What is an interview schedule ?

Answer 9

A list of questions that the interviewer tends to cover

this should be standardised for each participant to reduce interviewer bias

Typically the interviewer will take notes throughout the interview or alternatively the interview may be recorded and analysed later

Question 10

What is jargon ?

Answer 10

Technical terms

researchers shouldn’t use jargon and should be aware of they target audience don’t use jargon that they won’t understand

Question 11

What is emotive language ?

Answer 11

Use a certain phrase in the question that makes it obvious what the researcher thinks and what the researcher wants the participant to say

Question 12

What is leading questions ?

Answer 12

Guide us to a certain answer

eg : football is a good sport right ?

Question 13

What is a double barrelled question ?

Answer 13

Contains 2 questions in 1

the respondent may agree with one half but not the other so it may leave participants unsure of how to respond

Question 14

Why are interviews better than questionares in some cases ?

Answer 14

The interviewer can build a rapport with the respondent which could make them answer more truthfully compared to a questionare where a rapport can’t be made.

Question 15

What is a rapport ?

Answer 15

A friendly relationship between a researcher and participant

Question 16

What is a pilot study?

Answer 16

A pilot study is a small scale trial run of the actual investigation

It involves a small number of typical participants

it is done to find out of certain things do not work and what things need to be changed in the study

Question 17

What is a self report technique ?

Answer 17

Any method in which a person is asked to state or explain their own feelings opinions behaviours and/ or experiences related to a given topic.

this can be by questionnaires or interviews

and by open or closed questions

Question 18

What are the strengths of questionares ?

Answer 18

Cheap and not time consuming as the questionares can be easily sent out by email and distributed to large numbers of people

ethics - consent has been given as respondents have done the questionare
closed questions can provide quantitative data which is easy to analyse . graphs / charts can be made

open questions can produce qualitative data that is in rich in depth detail

Question 20

What’s is a questionare ?

Answer 20

Involved a pre set list of written questions to which the participant responds. They are useful for assessing thoughts of feelings

a questionare can be used as part of an experiment to asses the DV

Question 21

What is an unstructured interview ?

Answer 21

Similar to a conversation

there is a general aim and topic of conversation but the interviewer is encouraged to prompt the interviewee so they can expand and elaborate their answers in a free flowing way

Question 22

What are the strengths of a structured interview ?

Answer 22

Removes interviewer bias as the researcher can only ask the set list of questions

it is replicable as the interview is standardised

It is easier to analyse if closed questions are used

Question 23

What is a ratings scale ?

Answer 23

1-10

respondents identify a value that represents their feeling about a particular topic

Needs to be labelled : e.g 1 very little 10 a lot

Question 24

What is a weakness of an open question ?

Answer 24

Data can be difficult and time consuming to analyse

Question 25

What is a strength of closed questions ?

Answer 25

Makes the data easy to analyse as its quantitative

Question 26

What is interviewer bias ?

Answer 26

The interviewer can affect the intervieweees answers  an interviewer may try to influence the outcome to being a response they want based on how they structure or phrase questions asked distorts outcome of the interview affects validity and therefore we can't apply the results this can be fixed by using pre set questions  

Question 27

What are the weaknesses of questionares ?

Answer 27

Response bias - participants may skip through questions quickly and select random answers so they get the questionare done quickly  social desirability bias ; people may lie and make their answers more socially acceptable this can reduce validity  open questions produce qualitative data that can be difficult and time consuming to analyses closed questions may lack depth and detail  

Question 28

What is the strength of an open question ?

Answer 28

Produce qualitative data which is rich in depth data

Question 29

What are the weaknesses of unstructured interviews ?

Answer 29

Interviewer bias : the interviewer may ask follow up questions until they get the answer that they want  difficult to analyses  data isn't straightforward 

Question 30

How would a pilot study of an interview or questionare be carried out 

Answer 30

only a small number of participants should take part in the interview or questionare  nothing in the interview or questionare changes it is just given to a smaller sample with fewer participants, the participants should be typical 

Question 31

What is a strength of an unstructured interview ?

Answer 31

In detailed answers and p can elaborate 

Question 32

What is a fixed choice option ?

Answer 32

Includes a list of possible options  tick boxes