analysing data : graphs, sign test

Question 1

What is a bar chart and when is it used ?

Answer 1

Used when data is divided into categories(discrete data )

a title is needed for a bar chart

the bars aren’t touching

Question 2

What are scattergraphs and when are they used?

Answer 2

Show association between co variables

shows relationship between variables

Question 3

What a skewed distribution curve ?

Answer 3

A spread of frequency data that is not symmetrical

it’s where data clusters to one end

Question 4

What is a negative skew distribution curve ?

Answer 4

Long tail is on the left side and most of the distribution is on the right

the mean is lower than the median and mode

Question 5

what is a positive skewed disribution curve?

Answer 5

the long tail is on the right side

the mean is higher than the median and mode

Question 6

What is the symbol that shows equality

Answer 6

=

Question 7

Which symbol shows much greater than

Answer 7

> >

Question 8

Which symbol shows much less than

Answer 8

«

Question 9

Which symbol means proportionate to ?

Answer 9

∝

Question 10

Which symbol means a a weak approximation ?

approximately equal

Answer 10

≈

Question 11

What is the level of significance in psychology ?

Answer 11

0.05 / 5%

Question 12

What are the 5 steps of the sign test ?

Answer 12

1.Work out the sign. Have the values gone up (+) down (-) or stayed the same (=)

2.calculate the “ s” score. This is the lowest score excluding any nil scores

3.calculate the value on N the total number of values the (+) add the (-) excluding any with no difference

4.find the critical s value using the table

5.determine whether results are significant : The value of s must be equal too or Lower than the critical s value

Question 13

What is the strength of a median ?

Answer 13

Not affected by extreme scores so the average is more realistic of the data set

Question 14

When should the mode be used ?

Answer 14

Nominal data - data is in categories

Question 15

What are the 2 measures of dispersion ?

Answer 15

Range

standard deviation

Question 16

What is a normal distribution curve ?

Answer 16

A symmetrical spread of frequency data that forms a bell shaped pattern.

The mean median mode are located at the highest peak.

Question 17

what is the symbol for probability?

Answer 17

P

Question 18

What are the limitations of correlations?

Answer 18

Third variable problem : another unknown variable that is causing the correlation between the other 2 variables “ intervening variable “

doesn’t show cause and effect it only shows the relationship

Question 19

What is the limitation of a meta analysis ?

Answer 19

Publication bias

where the researcher may not choose to review all information but may leave out thise thaf don’t have significant results

Question 20

What is the strength of using a mean ?

Answer 20

The most sensitive of all the measures of central tendency as it includes all the scores therefore is is the most representative of a whole data set

Question 21

What is the limitation of using the mean ?

Answer 21

Easily distorted by extreme values this isn’t good as it stops the mean from being representative of the whole data

Question 22

What is a strength of using the range ?

Answer 22

Easy to calculate

Question 23

What is a histogram and when Is it used ?

Answer 23

Used for frequency
The bars touch eachother which shows the data is continuous and not discrete

y axis represents frequency

x Asis is equal sized intervals of a single category

Question 24

What is a line graph ?

Answer 24

Represents continuous data

uses points and connects it by a line

Shows how something changesin value

iv on x axis

dv on y axis

Question 25

What is a zero correlation ?

Answer 25

The variables have no relationship with eachother

Question 26

What are the strengths of correlations ?

Answer 26

Good way of showing relationships so we can investigate further e.g in an experiment

Quick And economical there is no need for an experiment as it is mostly looking at secondary data

Question 27

What are the 3 measures of central tendency ?

Answer 27

Mode

median

mean

Question 28

Which symbol means greater than?

Answer 28

>

Question 29

Which symbol means less than?

Answer 29

<

Question 30

What is a weakness of standard deviation ?

Answer 30

Can be swayed by extreme results

Question 31

What is the scale for correlation co efficient ?

Answer 31

strong negative -0.1
-0.8 is great
-0.5 negative correlation
0.0 zero
0.5 positive correlation
0.8 is great
1.0 positive correlation

Question 32

What is considered a great correlation co efficient ?

Answer 32

0.8 and -0.8

Question 33

What is a weakness of using a median ?

Answer 33

Less sensetive than the mean as not all scores are included In the final calculation