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Spinal Exam 3 > Intervertebral Disc: Introduction > Flashcards

Intervertebral Disc: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the number of true intervertebral discs identified in the adult?

A

twenty three

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2
Q

What is the maximum number of common ligaments identified with a vertebral couple?

A

8

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3
Q

What is the reason that 9 common ligaments are identified but only 8 will be attached at any specific vertebral couple?

A

the ligamentum nuchae and supraspinous ligaments attach to the spinous tubercles, but only one of these will be identified at a single vertebral couple

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4
Q

In the adult, which vertebral levels will demonstrate a true intervertebral disc?

A

Those between C2 and S1 inclusive

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5
Q

What is the percent of intervertebral disc height contribution to the length of each region of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical 22-25%
Thoracic 20%
Lumbar 33%

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6
Q

What are the names of the central, peripheral, and horizontal zones of the intervertebral disc?

A

Nucleus pulposus…central zone; annulus fibrosus…peripheral zone; cartilaginous end plate…horizontal zone

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7
Q

What is the water concentration in the lumbar nucleus pulposus at birth and after thirty?

A

Birth 88%

Thirty 70%

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8
Q

What is the consequence of non-aggregated glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar nucleus puposus?

A

The nucleus pulposus will lose water under deformation conditions

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9
Q

What cell is associated with the nucleus pulposus until about age eleven?

A

Notochord Cells

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10
Q

Which type of collagen is dominant in the nucleus pulposus?

A

Collagen type II

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11
Q

What is the organizational pattern for collagen fibers in the nucleus pulposus?

A

They are irregularly oriented and randomly scattered

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12
Q

What is the appearance of the cervical annulus fibrosus?

A

A horse-shoe with the anterior margin thick and the lateral margins tapering to the uncinate processes; the posterior margin is thin

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13
Q

What compensates for the thinness of the posterior part of the cervical annulus fibrosus?

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

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14
Q

What is the organization of the lumbar annulus fibrosus?

A

It has 12-14 concentric cylindrical lamellae

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15
Q

What is the water concentration in the lumbar annulus fibrosus at birth and after thirty?

A

Birth 78%

Thirty 70%

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16
Q

What is the organizational pattern for glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar annulus fibrosus?

A

they typically have a binding site for hyaluronic acid and are thus aggregated

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17
Q

Which type of collagen is dominant in the annulus fibrosus?

A

Collagen Type I

18
Q

What is the organizational pattern for collagen fibers in the annulus fibrosus?

A

they are parallel with one another in a single lamellus and angled

19
Q

What is the organization of collagen fibers between lamellae?

A

collagen fibers will be angled in the opposite direction such that a spiral - counterspiral organization is observed

20
Q

What is the attachment site for collagen fibers within the annulus fibrosus?

A

Collagen fibers of the outer lamellae will become Sharpey’s fibers and penetrate the epiphyseal rims; collagen fibers of the inner lamellae will attach to the cartilaginous end plate

21
Q

What is the origin for the cells of the annulus fibrosus?

A

Sclerotomites

22
Q

What is the principal type of collagen fiber within the cartilage end plate?

A

The type II Collagen fiber

23
Q

What is the direction of collagen fibers within the cartilage end plate?

A

collagen fibers are aligned anterior to posterior

24
Q

What is the attachment site for collagen fibers of the inner lamellae of the annulus fibrosus?

A

The cartilaginous end plate

25
Q

What are the types of receptor endings in the intervertebral disc?

A

Nociceptors and proprioceptors

26
Q

What is the relationship between size of the intervertebral disc and receptor endings?

A

the larger the disc, the greater the variety of receptor endings

27
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by the recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve?

A

The outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the posterior part of the intervertebral disc

28
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by fibers from the paradiscal ramus communicans?

A

The outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the lateral part of the intervertebral disc

29
Q

What is the named given to the white ramus communicans which becomes embedded within the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc?

A

the paradiscal ramus communicans

30
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated by fibers from the paradiscal ramus communicans?

A

The outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus at the lateral part of the intervertebral disc

31
Q

How does the intervertebral disc attach to the vertebral body?

A

Sharpey’s fibers from the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus are firmly embedded into the epiphyseal rims of the adjacent vertebral bodies

32
Q

Based on histology, what is the classification of the intervertebral disc?

A

a cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

33
Q

What are the divisions of the embryonic somite?

A

the sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome

34
Q

What structure is formed following migration of sclerotomes to surround the notochord?

A

the perichordal blastema

35
Q

What is formed within the perichordal blastema between the sclerotomites?

A

the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

36
Q

What does the intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner become?

A

The perichordal disc

37
Q

What will the dense sclerotomite become?

A

The upper part of the vertebral segment forming below

38
Q

What structure forms following migration and subsequent mixing of the sclerotomites?

A

the vertebral blastema

39
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc will the notochord form?

A

the nucleus pulposus

40
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc will the perichordal disc form?

A

the annulus fibrosus

41
Q

What is the earliest indicator of the position of the adult intervertebral disc?

A

The intrasclerotomal fissure or fissure of von Ebner

Spinal Exam 3 (19 decks)

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