External & Internal Orbital Feature and Eyeball

Question 1

What are the names given to the modified sebaceous gland in the tarsus of the eyelid?

Answer 1

tarsal or Meibomian gland

Question 2

What specific pathways are identified with Visceral Efferent (VE) innervation?

Answer 2

sympathetic and parasympathetic motor pathways

Question 3

How many neurons are involved in the Visceral Efferent (VE) pathways from CNS to target cells?

Answer 3

two motor neurons

Question 4

What is the location for the second neuron in the Visceral Efferent (VE) pathway?

Answer 4

typically a ganglion

Question 5

Which cranial nerves are involved in the Visceral Efferent (VE) parasymphathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 5

facial and trigeminal (maxillary and ophthalmic divisions)

Question 6

What is the origin for the sympathetic pathway to the lacrimal gland?

Answer 6

lateral horn/intermediolateral cell column T1, T2

Question 7

What is the target of the preganglionic sympathetic visceral efferent (VE) fiber in the pathway to lacrimal gland?

Answer 7

the VE fiber ascends to the superior cervical ganglion to synapse

Question 8

Sympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

Answer 8

vasoconstriction of blood vessels, limited availability of water to secretory units, more viscous or thicker product formed in glandular lumen

Question 9

Parasympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland will result in what events?

Answer 9

vasodilation of blood vessels, increased availability of water to secretory units, thinner or more watery product in lumen;
constriction of myoepithelial cells leading to release of product from secretory lumen into the duct system

Question 10

What are the names of the layers of the eyeball?

Answer 10

fibrous tunic,
uveal tract,
retina

Question 11

What are the parts of the fibrous tunic of the eyeball?

Answer 11

cornea & sclera