Interventions Targeting the Drug: Psychoeducation/drug information

Question 1

What is Delirium Tremens?

Answer 1

• condition caused by alcohol withdrawal:

- characterized by tremor, visual hallucinations, and autonomic instability

Question 2

What are agonists?

Answer 2

drugs that occupy receptors and activate them

Question 3

What are antagonists?

Answer 3

drugs that occupy receptors but do not activate them, they block receptor activation by agonists

Question 4

Why is Naltrexone used as rapid detoxification for opiates?

Answer 4

• Naltrexone is an Opiate Antagonist
• It blocks the effect of opioids
• Causes a rapid withdrawal from opiates

Question 5

Why is Naltrexone used as a maintenance treatment?

Answer 5

• Cravings reduced, and blocks effects of opiates
  Prior to use - detox completely from opioids
• Outcomes best if highly motivated, employed, with good social support, older and with prior treatment experience
• Cost can be a restrictive factor
• Risk of overdose

Question 6

Why is Methadone used as a maintenance treatment?

Answer 6

• Full opiate agonist
• Maintenance rather than abstinence
• Often preferred choice for high levels of opiate dependence
• Can be useful for chronic pain treatment
• Protective treatment for released prisoners with opiate use histories
• Reduces/does not eliminate heroin use for all

Question 7

Why is Buprenorphine used as a maintenance treatment?

Answer 7

• Partial agonist & partial antagonist
• Can be a detoxification aid: Less severe symptoms
• Higher doses improve retention in treatment and reduce heroin use

Question 8

What Anti-craving Medications are used for Alcohol abuse?

Answer 8

• Campral (Acamprosate)

* Naltrexone

Question 9

What is Antabuse Maintenance Therapy?

Answer 9

• Blocks enzyme that metablises alcohol
• Reacts with alcohol to make client feel very ill
• More effective if used in conjunction with ongoing support
• Some risks including hepatitis

Question 10

What is used in nicotine replacement interventions?

Answer 10

• Patches
• Gum/losengers: Best for smokers heavily dependant on Nicotine
• Inhalers

Question 11

How is Urine Drug Screening used?

Answer 11

• Random or intermittent urine drug screening to identify drug used recently
• May aid in relapse prevention
• Danger in shifting to less easily detectable drugs, masking agents etc…

Question 12

How can Controlled Drinking/Drug Use Training be used?

Answer 12

• Process involves:
  
  • Self-monitoring
  • Develop limits and rules around consumption
  • Devise strategies for high risk situations
  • Use rewards to maintain changes to behaviour

Question 13

How are Self Help Groups used in individual intervention?

Answer 13

• non-drug using social support
• 12 step programs most common
• require abstinence as a goal

Question 14

How are Brief interventions used?

Answer 14

• 1-5 sessions with follow-up and self-help material

* Useful for pre-contemplators

Question 15

What are the key features of a Brief intervention?

FRAMES

Answer 15

Feedback of personal risk or impairment
Responsibility for change
Advice to change
Menu of alternative change options
Empathy by practitioner
Self-efficacy in client

Question 16

What are the core principles in Trauma-informed care (TIC)?

Answer 16

• Safety – emotional as well as physical
• Trust – is the service sensitive to people’s needs?
• Choice – provide opportunity for choice?
• Collaboration – communicate a sense of ‘doing with’ rather than ‘doing to’?
• Empowerment – is empowering people a key focus?
• Respect for Diversity – respect diversity in all its forms

Question 17

How is community development used as an Intervention Targeting the Environment?

Answer 17

• Generates and disseminates drug-related resources to the community
• Prevention and intervention strategies
• Can raise awareness of drug issues

Question 18

How are Rehabilitation Centres used as Interventions Targeting the Environment?

Answer 18

• Medium to long-term residential programs
• Generally require abstinence as a goal
• Facilitate access to medical services, education, employment, skills training, and community supports

Question 19

The quality and strength of the collaborative relationships between the client and therapist is the strongest predictor of…

Answer 19

therapeutic outcome