Interventions for patients with neurological dysfunction

Question 1

Motor program =

Answer 1

a set of perstructured mm commands that, when initiated, results in the production of a coordinated mvmnt sequence (learned task)
can be carried out largely uninfluenced by peripheral feedback

Question 2

Motor plan =

Answer 2

an overall strategy for mvmnt

an action sequence requiring the coordination of a number of motor programs

Question 3

Feedback =

Answer 3

afferent information sent by various sensory receptors to control centers

Question 4

Feedforward =

Answer 4

readies the system in advance of movement

anticipatory responses that adjust the system for incoming sensory feedback or for future movements

Question 5

Motor learning

Answer 5

a change in the capability of a person to perform a skill

the result of practice or experience

Question 6

Measures of motor learning include

Answer 6

performance
retention
generalizability
resistance to contextual change

Question 7

Measures of motor learning - performance

Answer 7

determine overall quality of performance, level of automaticity, level of effort, speed of decision making

Question 8

Measures of motor learning - retention

Answer 8

the ability to demonstrate the skill after a period of no practice

Question 9

Measures of motor learning - generalizability

Answer 9

the acquired capability to apply what has been learned to other similar tasks

Question 10

Measures of motor learnng - resistance to contextual change

Answer 10

acquired ability to apply what has been learned to other environmental contexts

Question 11

Motor learning - feedback - intrinsic feedback

Answer 11

sensory info normally acquired during performance of a task

Question 12

Motor learning - feedback - augmented feedback

Answer 12

externally presented feedback that is added to that normally acquired during task performance
ex = verbal cues

Question 13

Motor learning - feedback 0 knowledge of performance

Answer 13

augmented feedback about the nature of the movement produced (movement characteristics)

Question 14

Motor learning - feedback - feedback schedules

Answer 14

feedback given after every trial, feedback summed after set number of trials, fading (dec), or bandwidth

Question 15

Motor learning - practice - blocked practice

Answer 15

practice of a single motor skill repeatedly; repetitive practice

Question 16

Motor learning - practice - variable practice

Answer 16

practice of varied motor skills in which the performer is required to make rapid modifications of the skill in order to match demands of the task

Question 17

Motor learning - practice - random practice

Answer 17

practice of a group or class of motor skills in random order

Question 18

motor learning - practice - serial practice

Answer 18

practice of a group or class of motor skills in serial or predictable order

Question 19

Motor learning - practice - massed practice

Answer 19

relatively continuous practice in which the amount of rest time is small (rest time less than practice time)

Question 20

Motor learning - practice - distributed practice

Answer 20

practice in which the rest time is relatively large (practice is less than rest)

Question 21

Motor learning - practice - mental practice

Answer 21

cognitive rehearsal of a motor skill without overt physical performance

Question 22

Motor learning - transfer

Answer 22

the effects of having previous practice of a skill or skills upon the learning of a new skill or upon performance in a new context
transfer may either be positive or negative

Question 23

Motor learning - transfer - part whole transfer

Answer 23

a learning technique in which a complex motor task is broken down into its component or subordinate parts for separate practice before practice of integrated whole

Question 24

Motor learning - transfer - bilateral transfer

Answer 24

improvement in movement skill performance with one limb results from practice of similar movements with opposite limb

Question 25

Feedback given every trial improves

Variable feedback improves

Answer 25

performance

learning and retention

Question 26

Early training should focus on ____ feedback

Later training should focus on ____ feedback

Answer 26

visual

proprioceptive

Question 27

Task specific training strategies - emphasis is on

Answer 27

use of the affected body segments/limbs using task specific activities and experiences