Imaging Flashcards
X-rays - tomograms
layered x ray exposures - either vertical or horizontal
Ventriculography
x ray of skull after injection of air inter lateral ventricles
delinates ventricles and can help localize tumors
Myelography
x ray of spine after injection of air or dye into spinal subarachnoid space
delineates impinging on subarachnoid space
Cerebral angiography
x ray of skull after injection of dye into carotid or vertebral arteries or both
Computed tomography
narrow x ray beams are transmitted through tissues
allows cross sections of brain to be seen with 3D visualization
Good for showing presence of abnormal changes in tissue density
diagnostic in acute stroke and can allow administration of TPA
MRI
Nucleus particles are depicted in a strong magnetic field
No radiation used
Goof for superior imaging of brain, good resoluation
Sensitive in dx of acute stroke
Primary method of exam of tumors, demyelination, and vascular abnormalities
Contraindications MRI
pacemaker, metal implants
PET
radioisotopes are inhaled or injected and emissions are measured with gamma ray detector system
allows for physiological mapping - big clinical research tool for imaging cerebral blood flow
EEG
ongoing electical activity of brain is recorded
gives info about strucutral disease in brain especially when seizures are present or likely
evoked potentials/evoked responses
external stimuli are used to evoke potentials in brain
delineates time along conduction pathway
Echoencephalogram (US, doppler techniques)
Reflect US waves
useful for imaging lumen of carotid artery and analyzing flow, detection of plaques in carotid
Lumbar puncture
insertion of needle below L1-L2
Withdraw CSF for chemical analysis
NM diagnostic procedures - EMG
detects electrical activity arising from mm
NM diagnostic procedures - nerve conduction velocity
stimulate peripheral nerves and record mm and sensry nerve AP
