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NPTE NM > Brain anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

Brain anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral central fissure separates

A

temporal from frontal and parietal lobes

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2
Q

Longitudinal cerebral fissure separates

A

cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

Central sulcus separates

A

frontal lobe from parietal lobe

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4
Q

Frontal lobe contains:

A

Precentral gyrus - primary motor cortex
Prefrontal cortex - emotions and judgments
Broca’s area - motor aspects of speech

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5
Q

Parietal lobe contains:

A

Postcentral gyrus - primary sensory cortex

Receives fibers conveying touch, prop, pain, temp from opp side of body

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6
Q

Temporal lobe contains:

A

Primary auditory cortex
Associative auditory cortex
Wernicke’s area - language comprehension

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7
Q

Occipital lobe contains:

A

Primary visual cortex

Visual association cortex

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8
Q

Insula is located

A

deep within lateral sulcus

associated with visceral functions

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9
Q

Limbic system consists of the

A 
limbic lobe
hippocampal formation
amygdaloid nucleus 
hypothalamus
anterior nucleus of thalamus
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10
Q

White matter - Transverse commissural fibers do what

A

Interconnect two hemispheres

Include corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and hippocampal commissure

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11
Q

White matter - Projection fibers do what

A

connect cerebral hemispheres with other portions of brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

White matter - Association fibers do what

A

Connect different portions of the cerebral hemispheres to allow cortex to function as an integrated whole

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13
Q

Cerebral hemispheres AKA

A

telencephalon

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14
Q

Basal ganglia - mass of ____ that includes what

A 
gray matter
includes striatum (caudate, nucleus accumbens, putamen), GP, subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra
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15
Q

BG - lenticular nucleus refers to what

A

GP and putament

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16
Q

Circuit in BG - Oculomotor - originates where and projects to where

A

Originates in frontal and supplementary motor eye fields and projects to caudate - functions with saccadic eye movements

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17
Q

Circuit in BG - Motor (putamen loop) - originates where and projects to where

A

Originates in precentral motor and postcentral somatosensory areas
Projects to and excites putamen neurons - putamen cells inhibit GP which boosts activity in ventral lateral nucleus and SMA - functions to scale amplitude and velocity of movements
reinforces selected pattern, suppresses conflicting patterns
Preparatory for movement

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18
Q

Circuit in BG - Limbic - originates where and projects to where

A

Originates in prefrontal and limbic areas - to BG - to prefrontal cortex
Functions to organize behaviors and for procedural learning

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19
Q

Diencephalon includes

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus

20
Q

Diencephalon - thalamus - types of nuclei

A

Motor
Sensory
Other - visceral and somatic functions

21
Q

Diencephalon - subthalamus - involved in

A

control of several functional pathways for sensory, motor and reticular function

22
Q

Diencephalon - Hypothalamus - does what

A

Integrates and controls functions of autonomic NS and neuroendocrine system
Maintains body homeostasis

23
Q

Diencephalon - Epithalamus - Consists of what

A

Habenular nuclei - olfactory, visceral, and somatic afferents
Pineal gland - hormones that influence circadian rhythm

24
Q

Brainstem includes what

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

25
Q

Brainstem - Midbrain - connects

A

pons to cerebrum

Superior peduncle connects midbrain to cbm

26
Q

Brainstem - midbrain - tegumentum contains

A

all ascending and descending tracts

27
Q

Brainstem - midbrain - substantia nigra is what

A

large motor nucleus connecting with BG and cortex

Important for motor control and muscle tone

28
Q

Brainstem - midbrain - superior colliculus is important for what

A

Important relay station for vision and visual reflexes

29
Q

Brainstem - midbrain - inferior colliculus is important for what

A

Important relay station for hearing and auditory reflexes

30
Q

Brainstem - midbrain - periaqueductal gray contains

A

endorphin producing cells (important for suppression of pain) and descending autonomic tracts

31
Q

Brainstem - pons - connects what

A

medulla oblongata to midbrain allowing for passage of ascending and descending tracts

32
Q

Brainstem - pons - Anterior basal part acts as

A

bridge to cerebellum (middle cerebellar peduncle)

33
Q

Brainstem - pons - midline raphe nuclei project widely and are important for what

A

modulating pain and controlling arousal

34
Q

Brainstem - pons - tegumentum contains

A

important cranial nerve nuclei - Abducens, Trigeminal, Facial, Vestibulocochlear

35
Q

Brainstem - medulla oblongata - connects

A

spinal cord with pons

36
Q

brainstem - medulla oblongata - inferior cerebellar peduncle relays

A

dorsal spinocerebellar tract to cbm

37
Q

brainstem - medulla oblongata - corticospinal tracts

A

decussate (cross) in pyramids

38
Q

brainstem - medulla oblongata - medial longitudinal fasciculus important for

A

VOR - control of head movements and gaze stabilization

39
Q

brainstem - medulla oblongata - olivary nuclear comples important for

A

voluntary mvmnt control

connects cbm to brainstem

40
Q

brainstem - medulla oblongata - contains important CN nuclei

A

hypoglossal, dorsal nucleus of vagus and vestibulocochlear

41
Q

brainstem - medulla oblongata - important centers vital for function

A

cardiac, resp, vasomotor centers

42
Q

Cbm - located

A

behind dorsal pons and medualla in posterior fossa

43
Q

Cbm - joint to brainstem by

A

three pairs of peduncles - sup, mid, inf

44
Q

Cbm - archicerebellum - flocculonodular lobe connects

A

with vestibular system and is concerned with equilibrium and regulation of muscle tone
helps coordinate VOR

45
Q

Cbm - paleocerebellum - rostral cbm, ant lobe AKA spinocerebellum - receives input from

A

proprioceptive pathways and is concerned with modifying muscle tone and synergistic actions of muscles
important in maintenance of posture and voluntary movement control

46
Q

Cbm - neocerebellum - cerebellar hemisphere, post lobe AKA pontocerebellum - receives input from

A

corticopontocerebellar tracts and olivocerebellar fibers
Concerned with smooth coordination of voluntary movements
Ensures acurate force, direction, and extend of mvmnt
Important for motor learning, sequencing of mvmnts, visually triggered mvmnts

NPTE NM (16 decks)

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