interventional sonography

Question 1

4 common nosocomial infections?

Answer 1

• surgical site/wound
• pneumonia (from ventilator associated pneumonia VAP)
• catheter induced infection (UTI)
• bloodstream infections (central line insertion)
• gastointestinal infections (C Diff, MRSA, VRE)

Question 2

What is Clostridium Difficile (“C Diff”)?

Answer 2

• bacterium that causes mild to severe diarrhea and intestinal conditions
• most frequent cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitals and long term facility care

Question 3

5 common community acquired infections?

Answer 3

• common cold
• infulenza
• norovirus
• bacterial pneumonia
• hep c

Question 4

what does asepsis mean?

Answer 4

• free of pathogenic microorganisms

Question 5

what is medical asepsis?

Answer 5

• inhibits growth and spread of pathogenic microorganisms

- clean technique

Question 6

what is surgical asepsis?

Answer 6

• destroys all microorganisms and their spores

- sterile technique

Question 7

what are the 4 most common causes of contamination?

Answer 7

• use of contaminated instruments
• contaminated gloves
• wet or damp sterile field
• microorganisms blown onto surgical site

Question 8

air pressure in the OR should be greater than the outside T or F?

Answer 8

true

Question 9

whos involved in a surgical team?(7)

Answer 9

Surgeon
Surgical assistant
Anesthesiologist
Nurse anesthetist
Circulating nurse
Scrub nurse
Imaging Technologist

Question 10

high level disinfectant?

Answer 10

• Kills vegetative microorganisms and inactivates viruses, but not necessarily high numbers of bacterial spores
• Capable of sterilization when the contact time is relatively long (6-10 hours)
• usually used for relatively short periods of time (10-30 min)
• Usually used on medical devices, but not on surfaces such as laboratory benches or floors.

Question 11

high level disinfectant examples (4)?

Answer 11

Formaldehyde
Cidex
Hydrogen peroxide
Trifectant

Question 12

intermediate level disinfectant?

Answer 12

• Kills vegetative microorganisms including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, all fungi and inactivates most viruses
• Commonly used to disinfect laboratory benches and as part of detergent germicides used for housekeeping purposes

Question 13

Intermediate level disinfectant examples (7)?

Answer 13

• 70% ethyl alcohol
  
  • Isopropyl alcohol
  • Sani-Cloth
  • Bleach
  • Purex
  • ChloraPrep
  • SoluPrep

Question 14

Low level disinfectant?

Answer 14

• Kills most vegetative bacteria except M. Tuberculosis, some fungi and inactivates some viruses
• Hospital disinfectants or sanitizers

Question 15

low level disinfectant examples?

Answer 15

• Pine-Sol
  
  • Lysol
  • Providon Iodine (Betadine)
  • Parvosol

Question 16

2 methods of sterilization?

Answer 16

1. physical (heat or radiation)

2. chemical

Question 17

Physical sterilization?

Answer 17

• Heat is the most commonly used method (reliable, easy, economical)

Moist heat: heat under steam pressure (Autoclave)

Dry heat: dry heat ovens

• Filtration
• Radiation

Question 18

chemical sterilization- gas?

Answer 18

• Ethylene oxide:
  Used for materials that cannot withstand steam sterilization
• Other oxidants
• Plasma:
  Ionized gas: electrically charged and non charged particles

Question 19

before opening a sterile pack always check what?

Answer 19

• expiration date

- condition of pack

Question 20

2 kinds of sterile packs?

Answer 20

• cloth wrapped

- commercial packs

Question 21

what is the purpose of skin prep?

Answer 21

to remove as many microorganisms as possible by mechanical and chemical means to reduce the potential of infection

Question 22

Chemical Method of Skin Preparation?

Answer 22

• area to be penetrated should be cleaned with an antiseptic solution.
• Once you start to clean the area of interest, do this in a circular motion beginning in the center and working outward.
• Do not cross anything over the area that has been prepped.
• Sterile technique is maintained during the skin prep for sterile procedures!

Question 23

What kind of Draping is typically used for Sterile Procedure?

Answer 23

• disposible sterile cloth towel

- sometimes fenestrated drape

Question 24

Removing and Reapplying Dressings?