Intertextuality and intermediality

Question 1

Jacques Derrida
Decronstruction

Answer 1

Deconstruction of key binary terms:
- Reason/passion. Masculinity/feminity

- Critism: human thinks that behind every problem is a clear sulution. - wanting simplicity

Question 2

Deconstruction of equality:

Answer 2

Assertion: equality always better then inequality
Pont: some of the best human systems we know are not examples of equality (e.g., pupils and teachers)

· Meaning itself is highly instable

· There are multiple meanings beyond binary oppositions and essentialisms

Question 3

privileged speech

Answer 3

What: western philosophers (since Socrates) have a priviviligded speech - seen as authentic communication over wiritng as a mere transsript over what people might say. - lacking interaction and truuthfulness.
And soo it goes on in: reconce privilged over passion, men over women. Words over pictures.

Argument: this privilege makes it impossible to see the value of the so called less privileged things. 
Deconstruction of key binary terms: 
- Reason/passion.  Masculinity/feminity 
- Critism: human thinks that behind every problem is a clear sulution. - wanting simplicity

Question 4

Modes of writing:
Parody:
Pastiche:
Metafiction:

Answer 4

• Modes of writing include:
  Parody: imitation that mocks the original
  Pastiche: imitation that appreciates the original
  Metafiction: fiction that self-reflexivity highlights its status as fiction

Question 5

why is the postmodern way of deconstructing going against essentialisme

Answer 5

· Meaning itself is highly instable

There are multiple meanings beyond binary oppositions and essentialisms

Question 6

neologism

Answer 6

Creating totally new word does not have to be created from exsisting word.
Examples include’coach potato,’ ‘meme,’ and ‘wiener dog.’Once the word is no longer novel, it is formally accepted as part of the vernacular language and appears in dictionaries.

Question 7

Gerad Gentte:

Main category:
* Transtextualitet

Answer 7

Main category:
* Transtextualitet - det forhold, at et eller flere elementer (i bredeste forstand) flyttes fra en tekst til en anden.

Question 8

Gerad Gentte:

Sub Categories
* Intertextualitet

Answer 8

Intertekstualitet betegner det forhold, at et værk eller en ytring direkte eller indirekte refererer til et andet. Intertekstualitet eller intertekstuel reference skal både forstås som de tekster et værk er skrevet over, refererer til, går i dialog med eller på anden måde står i relation til.

Question 9

Gerad Gentte:

Sub Categories
Paratextualitet

Answer 9

Para-’ betyder ‘ved siden af’ og paratekster handler om relationen mellem en hovedtekst og de teksttyper som ligger ved siden af denne

Question 10

Gerad Gentte:

Sub Categories
Metatextualitet

Answer 10

wenn ein Text einen anderen reflektiert, kritisiert oder kommentiert.Oft kritiscger Verwis eines Text auf einen Praetext.
Metatextuality is the explicit or implicit critical commentary of one text on another text.

Question 11

Gerad Gentte:

Sub Categories
Hypertextualitet

Answer 11

Relationer der forbinder en tekst (hyperteksten) med med en tidligere tekst (hypoteksten), så hyperteksten bliver en tekst på et andet niveau i kraft af dette.
Imitation, Adadtion, Parodie, Fortstzung.

Question 12

Gerad Gentte:

Sub Categories
Architextualitet

Answer 12

• Architextualitet
  isthe designation of a text as a part of a genre or genres.

Question 13

Most basic definition of intertextuality:

Answer 13

The relationship between texts
There are Pretexts

Note: There is a reference to generic conventions of style and plot that are not always intertextuality as they don’t refer to specific text

Question 14

Pfister qualitative criteria of intertextuality:

Note: probaly don’t have to know all of the - put maybe list two to underline the point you are making

	* Referentiality

	
	* Communication

	
	* Auto-reflexivity (aka Self-reflexivity)

	
	* Structure

	
	* Selection

	
	
	* Dialogicity

Answer 14

• Referentiality
  Are previous text just used or is there refered to them

    * Communication
    Are the intertextuality in the text used with intention
  	
    * Auto-reflexivity (aka Self-reflexivity)
    A term applied to literary works that openly reflect upon their own processes of artful composition. 
    metakommunikation. 
  	
    * Structure
    Do the quotes and references create a pattern
  	
    * Selection
    toa group of literary pieces (e.g., articles, poems, and plays) that are curated for a specific purpose
  	
  	
    * Dialogicity
    Does the text give way to textual differences and reflection of the Norm-systems  Another example of dialogic communication could bea classroom setting. Instead of a teacher or a professor lecturing for an entire class, they might ask open-ended questions and provide time for their students to discuss those questions as a group

Question 15

Erasure Poetry

Answer 15

• a special kind of intertextuality.
  • Also known as blackout poetry
  • Form of poetry: the poet takes existing text and erases parts of it creating a new text.

May be used as a means of collaboration (a dialogue between a old and a new text) or a means of confrontation between the two text when it challenges the pre-existing text.

Question 16

Intermediality

Answer 16

• Relationship: Text-image, sound, or other media
  • Intertextuality is only text-text

Important: increased importance of media, marginalization of writing and printing.

Question 17

Siegfried J. Schmidt
Media system consist of four components:

	1. Semiotic instrument of communication

	
	
	2. A media technology
	
	
	3. A social system
	
	
	4. Media products

Answer 17

1. Semiotic instrument of communication
   Prototype: natural oral language

    2. A media technology
    Print, film = kinds of notebooks
   	
    3. A social system
    Institution on which technologies are based (schools or Tv station) 
   	
    4. Media products Also offering such as literature, music that provide opportunity to study aspects of production, distribution, reception and processing.

Question 18

Hutcheon, Linda
Three dimensions of adaptation:

Answer 18

she views appaptation as reppetition with variation

A formal entity of product
A process of creation
A Process of reception

Question 19

explain: Adaptation of…..

A formal entity of product
A process of creation
A Process of reception

Answer 19

1. A formal entity of product
   - Transposition/transcoding: shift of medium or genre, or change from real to fictional
   - Similar to translation or paraphrase
   - Dismisses the idea of historically accurate/inaccurate

    1. A process of creation
    - Reinterpretation and recreation
    - Medium matters: long novels need to be cut to be filmed while short stories are expanded. 
    - Pay homage or contest political context : imitation as a form of creativity. 
   
    1. Process of reception
    Intertextual engagement with the adapted work
    - Resonance with other texts
    - Memory
    - Creation and reception both material, public, economic and cultural, personal, aesthetic New media opens new ways of adapting (e.g. 3D)

Question 20

explain

Structuralist theory:
Essensialism
vs
post structualism
(derrida)

Answer 20

Structuralist theory:
According to structuralism language is Arbitrary but still knowable. (you know what you are saying)

Essentialism (big in the enlightenment era)
* Things have an essense, and you can know that essense

vs.
Claim: Language is entirely unreliable and thus unstable.
E.g. when you say lights dark is always implied - so the relationship is not independent.
Often one is more privileged (Man vs Woman)
Text create a center - when you a center - like men in the above example, men is privileged and woman is delegated to the margins (marginalized) so its about the tension between them

Question 21

Derrida
The free play of the natural world:

Answer 21

words are unstable, the association between object and word is arbitrary, but in contrast to structuralist he claims that not only the signifier is arbitrary but also the signified because they relate to each other.

Question 22

Derrida
The center

Answer 22

creates stability and meaning, and this meaning hierarchies creates structure which creates stability. - This is what Derrida tires to deconstruct. (other example gender has become a spectrum in todays society - its meaning is being deconstructed)

Question 23

What to do when you read a text to deconstruct (in 3 steps)

Answer 23

Step 1 = find the binary opposition
step 2 = 2 define the power positions or hierarchies
Step 3 = 3 flip the relationship to show how unstable meaning is and the relationship arbitrary

Question 24

explain: Differance

Answer 24

Term from Derrida

meaning is differed (but not present)
What: difference enables signification and meaning is differ to time ( never fully present)
* Derrida created this word from difference and defer.
* Difference: Words occupy a specific position in language and this position is always relational.

Meaning is always differitive in time - meaning is never fully present

Question 25

explain the axsis of selection and combination

Answer 25

The selection: you cant just choose anything - you know what words would be usefull for expressing angry. However remember its never a direct exchange of meaning. Language is limiting because it is a structure and structures needs stability.

Combination: does not only have a special dimension but also temporal.
You select a word - you choose a combination

Question 26

Meaning is relational.

Answer 26

When I say the door is red - chain of siginfiers. But meaning does not come to rest in a single one of them.
What I am saying is the door is red - not the floor - so it relates to something else (color, place) the meaning of door and red are differed in the sence of it realted to other concepts.

Question 27

Dialogic

Answer 27

every text is in dialogue with other text

Question 28

The death of the Author: (poststructualism)

Answer 28

• The author is part of 1. linguistic system 2. social and cultural system
• So the idea of originality is put into question
• The authors intentions is not so important in poststructualism - because you are decentering the author and acknoledning that they are a product of a specific system.

Question 29

Pfister Scale qualitative criteria of intertextuality

Note: probaly don’t have to know all of the - put maybe list two to underline the point you are making

Answer 29

• Referentiality
  Are previous text just used or is there refered to them - is there an explicit reference (implicit/explicit)
  • Communication
    Are the intertextuality in the text used with intention - how the intertextuality is marked, is it intended.
  • Auto-reflexivity (aka Self-reflexivity)
    A term applied to literary works that openly reflect upon their own processes of artful composition.
    metakommunikation.
    Does the text reflect on its own intertextual nature
  • Structure
    Do the quotes and references create a pattern. Example using chapterheadings in my novel that refer to the odysee.
  • Selection
    toa group of literary pieces (e.g., articles, poems, and plays) that are curated for a specific purpose
    Did you choose a specific text or is more so that you are pulling specific structures, conventions, generic qualities.
  • Dialogicity
    How does the text communicate its own intertextuality. Is it critical or does it simply exist. How extensive is it. If it is marked as intentional its an explicit reference which means something for the quality.
    The quality of the dialogue - is It intentional, ciritcal or does it hournor another text. What is the dialogue between the two texts