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#Phase 2.1: CardioResp > Interstitial Lung Diseases > Flashcards

Interstitial Lung Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is ILD? (2 things)

A
  1. Umbrella term for conditions that affect lung parenchyma: esp Pulmonary CT in alveolar walls
  2. Characterized by Inflamm + Fibrosis
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2
Q

What is Lung fibrosis?

A

Replacement of normal elastic + functional tissue w scar tissue that is stiff + ineffective function

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3
Q

What are the CF of ILD? (4 + 3 things)

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. SOB on exertion
  3. Dry cough
  4. Abn breath sounds

@exam

  1. End respiratory fine crackles @ lung bases
  2. Cyanosis (severe)
  3. Clubbing (severe)
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4
Q

What tests should you do for sus ILD? (5 things)

A
  1. XR
  2. High res CT
  3. Spirometry
  4. Diffusing capacity of Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO)
  5. Biopsy (if diagnosis unclear)
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5
Q

What will a High res CT show in ILD?

A

“Ground glass” opacity appearance

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6
Q

What will the Spirometry test show in ILD?

A

Restrictive pulmonary spirometry

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7
Q

What will the Diffusing capacity of Lungs for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) show in ILD?

A

Reduced Diffusing Capacity of Lungs for CO (DLCO)

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8
Q

What is the general prognosis for ILD?

A

Poor prognosis bc damage is irreversible

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9
Q

What are the general management options for ILD? (6 things)

A
  1. Treat underlying cause
  2. Home oxygen (if hypoxic @ rest)
  3. X Smoking
  4. Physio + Pulmonary rehab
  5. Lung transplant
  6. Palliative (if needed)
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10
Q

What is Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? (2 things)

A

A type of ILD with:

  1. No clear cause
  2. Progressive pulmonary fibrosis
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11
Q

How does Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis present? (2 things)

A
  1. SOB
  2. Dry cough

(gradual onset over 3+ months)

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12
Q

What can be seen @ exam of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? (2 things)

A
  1. End respiratory fine crackles @ lung bases
  2. Clubbing
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13
Q

What are the medications given to slow down the progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis? (2 things)

A
  1. Pirfenidone (anti-fibrotic + anti-inflamm)
  2. Nintedanib (monoclonal antibody vs Tyrosine kinase)
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14
Q

What medications cause Drug Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis? (4 things)

A
  1. Amiodarone (antiarrhythmic for tachycardia)
  2. Cyclophosphamide (chemo)
  3. Methotrexate (chemo / AI conditions / induce abortions)
  4. Nitrofurantoin (abx for bladder infections)
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15
Q

What conditions lead to Secondary Pulmonary Fibrosis? (4 things)

A
  1. Alpha-1 antitripsin deficiency
  2. RA
  3. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
  4. Systemic sclerosis
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16
Q

What is Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (AKA Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis)? (2 things)

A
  1. A type of ILD
  2. A type 3 hypersensitivity reaction to environmental allergen
17
Q

How do you investigate for Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (AKA Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis)?

A

Bronchoalveolar lavage

(@ Bronchoscopy: Wash airways w fluid n Collect fluid for testing)

18
Q

What would the Bronchoalveolar lavage show in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (AKA Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis)? (2 things)

A
  1. High lymphocytes
  2. High mast cells
19
Q

What is Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia?

A

A type of ILD involving focal area of inflamm of lungs

20
Q

What are the causes of Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia? (6 things)

A
  1. Idiopathic
  2. Infection
  3. Inflamm disorders
  4. Medications
  5. Radiation
  6. Environmental toxins / allergens
21
Q

What condition does Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia present very similarly to?

A

Infectious Pneumonia

22
Q

What are the CF of Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia? (4 things)

A
  1. SOB
  2. Dry cough
  3. Fever
  4. Lethargy
23
Q

What is the definitive diagnosis method for Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia?

A

Lung biopsy

24
Q

What is the treatment for Cryptogenic Organising Pneumonia?

A

Systemic corticosteroids

#Phase 2.1: CardioResp (28 decks)

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