Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory System > Interstitial Lung Disease > Flashcards

Interstitial Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

A high resolution CT scan of the thorax would show what in patients with interstitial lung disease?

A

“ground glass” appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can be said about the prognosis of interstitial lung disease?

A

poor prognosis
irreversible damage
treatment is supportive rather than curative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some of the ways that restrictive lung conditions can be managed?

5

A
  • smoking cessation
  • pulmonary rehab
  • LTOT (hypoxic at rest)
  • pneumococcal and flu vaccine
  • remove or treat underlying cause
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some of the causes of pulmonary fibrosis?

3

A
  • idiopathic
  • drug induced
  • secondary (to other conditions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does pulmonary fibrosis often present?

A
  • patients >50
  • dyspnoea
  • dry cough >3 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

During examination of patient with pulmonary fibrosis, what clinical findings might be found?

A
  • bibasal fine inspiratory crackles
  • finger clubbing
  • cyanosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the prognosis of pulmonary fibrosis?

A

poor

2-5 year life exp. from diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which medications have been known to cause drug-induced pulmonary fibrosis?

4

A
  • amiodarone
  • nitrofurantoin
  • methotrexate
  • cyclophpsphamide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Secondary pulmonary fibrosis may be brought about from which pre-existing conditions?

4

A
  • alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • lupus
  • sclerosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If the cause of the pulmonary fibrosis is not usual interstitial pneumonitis, what might be the cause?

A

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Type III hypersensitivity reaction to environmental allergen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does hypersensitivity pneumonitis present?

A
  • dry cough
  • fever, myalgia
  • crackles, tachypnoea, wheeze
  • chills 4-9hrs after exposure to allergen
  • precipitating antibody
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the response to the allergens inhaled?

A

granulomatous response

raised lymphocytes/mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some examples of specific causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (EAA)?

4

A
  • bird droppings
  • farmers lung (mouldy spores in hay)
  • mushroom workers lung
  • malt workers lung (mould in barley)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which part of the lung is often affected by hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

upper zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most usual interstitial pneumonitis are either idiopathic or __________.

A

cryptogenic

17
Q

What is cryptogenic organising pneumonia?

How is it triggered?

A

Focal area of inflammation of the lung tissue - very similar presentation to infectious pneumonia.

Triggers:

  • infection
  • idiopathic
  • inflammatory disorders
  • medication
  • radiation
  • allergens
18
Q

How is cryptogenic organising pneumonia treated?

A

corticosteroids

19
Q

What is honeycombing of the lung?

A

It is the attempted repair of fibrosis, it physically looks like honeycomb.

20
Q

What can inhalation of asbestos lead to?

A

asbestosis - may take decades to present

21
Q

What does asbestosis cause in the lungs?

A

fibrosis (it is fibrogenic)

cancer (it is also oncogenic)

22
Q

What are the main problems which asbestos inhalation can lead to?

4

A
  • lung fibrosis
  • pleural thickening and pleural plaques
  • adenocarcinoma
  • mesothelioma
23
Q

What would be the spirometry findings in a patient with interstitial lung disease?

A

FEFV1: reduced
FVC: reduced

FEV1:FVC - normal or low

Why? - not as much air is entering the lung to begin with

24
Q

What is characteristic of Type 1 respiratory failure?

Why?

A

PaO2 low
PaCO2 normal or low

PaO2 is low due to reduced diffusion (e.g. fibrosis)
PaCO2 is normal as Co2 is much more soluble than O2 and is less affected

25
Q

How is a fall in PaO2 due to hypoventilation corrected?

A

O2 therapy with increased FIO2

26
Q

What is the normal V/Q ratio?

A

0.8 (around 1)

27
Q

What is the most common cause of hypoxaemia?

A

low V/Q (i.e. low ventilation)

Respiratory System (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions