Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory System > Asthma - Clinical Features (Children) > Flashcards

Asthma - Clinical Features (Children) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important feature of asthma?

Why?

A

Wheeze

No wheeze, then no asthma.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are common symptoms of asthma?

A

Wheeze
Cough
Shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the similarities between asthmatic adults and children?

A 
Symptoms
Common
Same triggers
Same treatment
Same pathology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are key things in the diagnosis of asthma?

A

Wheeze
Variability
Respond to treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some differences between adults and children’s asthma?

A

Gender (prevalence in boys and girls)
Severe asthma
Occupational asthma uncommon in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Outline what causes asthma (briefly).

4 points

A

Host response to environment/genes
Infection important
Physiology abnormal before symptoms
It is a syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Outline five different originations of asthma (asthma syndromes).

A 
infant onset
childhood onset
adult onset
excertional onset
occupational onset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In what ways is asthma inconsistent?

A 
'Transient' vs persistent
Different severities
Different age at onset
Heterogeneity in response
Different triggers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can asthma be described as heterogeneity in response?

A

There are many domains (environment, atopy and lung function) that add up to the threshold for symptoms in different ways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Does an allergy cause asthma?

A

Probably not, but an allergy may fuel asthma/eczema etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many UK children suffer from asthma?

A

1.1 million UK children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many children in Scotland suffer from asthma?

A

110, 000 in Scotland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What percentage of UK children are on inhaled steroids?

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is asthma most common in the world?

A

Western countries, with the highest pervalence in the UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can you say about the causes of asthma?

A

There are many, all leading to the same final common pathway to asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do people suffer from asthma at different stages of their lives?

A

It takes multiple hits to get above the threshold for clinical symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can you say about testing for asthma in children?

A

There is no definitive test for asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a wheeze the result of?

A

A narrowing airway due to:

Bronchoconstriction
Airway wall thickening
Luminal secretions
- the variability in airway diameter means that the sound is polyphonic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Can peak flow and spirometry be used in children to diagnose asthma?

A

No

20
Q

What are sounds from the lungs can be mistaken for wheeze?

A

Rattle, stertor, stridor

21
Q

What is stertor?

A

heavy snoring or gasping

22
Q

What is stridor?

A

high pitched sound

23
Q

When is there SOB at rest?

A
  • when there is significant respiratory difficulty: <30% lung function.
  • caused by airway obstruction
  • sucking in of the ribs when breathing
24
Q

Is cough a good predictor of asthma?

A

Not really, wheeze is much better

25
Q

What sort of cough is associated with asthma?

A

Dry
nocturnal, just after falling asleep
Excertional

26
Q

What personal medical history is indicative of atopy?

A

eczema
hayfever
food allergies

27
Q

What is the treatment of asthma to use for a diagnosis?

A

Inhaled corticosteroids for 2 months

28
Q

What are the ideal symptoms to diagnose asthma?

A

Wheeze (with and without URTI)
SOB at rest
Parental asthma
Responds to treatment!!

29
Q

What are some triggers of asthma?

A 
Viruses (rhinovirus in 75% of cases)
Exercise
Allergen
Cold air
Emotion
Menstruation
30
Q

What other conditions may cause a wheeze but wont respond to asthma treatment?

A 
foreign body
cystic fibrosis
immune deficiency
ciliary dyskinesia
thracheo-bronchomalacia
31
Q

Can viral induced wheeze and asthma be treated as the same thing?

A

Yes

32
Q

Below 18 months is the respiratory disease likely to be asthma?

A

No, it is more likely to be infection.

But if it sounds like asthma and responds to asthma treatment then it is

33
Q

When someone is over 5 years, what are they likely suffering from?

A

Asthma

34
Q

What is something that sounds like asthma, and responds to asthma?

A

Asthma, regardless of age

35
Q

What must happen after treatment for asthma?

A

There must be a response for it to be asthma

36
Q

What are the differential diagnosis for asthma in children less than 5?

A 
Congenital
CF
PCD
Bronchitis
Foreign body
37
Q

What are the differential diagnosis for asthma in children of age 5 and older?

A

Dysfunctional breathing
Vocal cord dysfunction
Habitual cough
Pertussis

38
Q

When it is not asthma, what could it be instead?

A 
Bronchitis (2-3 years old, wet cough)
Pertussis (fits, vomits, haematoma)
Habitual cough (8 - 12 years old, single loud cough)
Tracheomalacia (lifelong loud cough)
Viral induced wheeze (VIW)
Foreign body
Cystic fibrosis
Immune deficiency
Ciliary dyskinesia
39
Q

What conditions can cause an isolated cough but are not asthma?

A

bronchitis
pertussis
habitual cough
tracheomalacia

40
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

inflammation of the bronchi, occurs in 2-3 year olds and causes a wet cough

41
Q

What is pertussis?

A

Whooping cough (common), bacterial infection, affects any age causes fits vomiting and haematoma, petechiae

42
Q

What is a habitual cough?

A

Nothing wrong with patient, just thinks they need to cough.

Affects 8-12 year olds and produces a single loud cough.

43
Q

What is tracheomalacia?

A

Trachea and bronchi are floppy, causes life long cough.

44
Q

What are the clinical features of bacterial bronchitis?

A

Recurrent wet cough
‘darth vader’ sound
palpable fremitis (rattling chest)

45
Q

What are some red flags associated from wheeze?

What could/could not they indicate?

A 
age <6months or >4years
static weight
disrupt child's life
associated sob (when not coughing)
acute admission
Yes = bronchiectasis
No = bacterial bronchitis
46
Q

Should we treat bacterial bronchitis with antibiotics?

A

Not usually, as it is self limiting and antibiotics have side effects.

Treatment - quality of life, risk of diarrhoea

47
Q

Asthma and ____ should be treated as ______________.

A

VIW

the same condition

Respiratory System (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions