Interstitial lung disease Flashcards
What is an ILD?
any disease process affecting the lung interstitial that interferes with gas transfer and has a restrictive lung pattern
What are the symptoms of an ILD?
breathlessness and a dry cough
What are the types of ILD?
- idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
- granulomatous ILDs
- other
What is pneumoconiosis?
lung damage caused by inhalation of mineral dusts by occupational exposure
What are the types of coal workers pneumoconiosis?
- simple doesn’t affect lung function and is associated with COPD
- complicated is progressive massive fibrosis leading to a restrictive pattern with breathlessness, progressive dyspnoea and a cough with black sputum
What is coal workers pneumoconiosis caused by?
exposure to coal dust
What is silicosis caused by?
quartz exposure
What is silicosis?
upper lobe micro nodular infiltrates and hilar lymphadenopathy with eggshell classification
What is complicated silicosis?
micro nodules coalesce to form destructive lung disease similar to massive fibrosis
What is acute silicosis?
rapidly progressive alveolar infiltrates
What is different about asbestosis to IPF?
asbestosis presents at a younger age than IPF
What three things does asbestos cause?
- pleural disease (benign pleural plaques which are asymptomatic, acute asbestos pleuritic, malignant mesothelioma which is incurable and pleural effusions that can’t be treated)
- pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis which is from heavily prolonged exposure)
- bronchial carcinoma
What is the pathology of early stage ILD?
alveolitis leading to fibrosis
exemplified by adult respiratory distress syndrome
What are the causes of ILD?
- environmental: minerals, drugs, radiation
- idiopathic: connective tissue disease or IPF
What are the ways of getting a biopsy of ILD?
- transbronchial (special forceps)
- thoracoscopic (more invasive but more reliable)
