Histology

Question 1

What type of cell is in the initial part of the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

What is respiratory epithelium?

Answer 2

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 3

What type of cell is in the latter part of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells (respiratory epithelium)

Question 4

What is under the respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

lamina propria, a band of loose connective tissue containing seromucous gland and venous sinuses

Question 5

What type of cell is the oropharynx and epiglottis?

Answer 5

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

What type of cell is in the larynx?

Answer 6

repertory epithelium except the vocal folds which are stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

What type of cell is in the trachea?

Answer 7

respiratory epithelium

Question 8

What is the order of layers in the trachea?

Answer 8

repertory epithelium on basal lamina on lamina propria and on submucosa with seromucous glands

Question 9

What is the order of layers in the bronchi?

Answer 9

respiratory epithelium, lamina propria, smooth muscle, submucosa with adipose tissue and seromucous glands

Question 10

What are the histological changes as the bronchus becomes a bronchiole?

Answer 10

• loss of cartilage

- columnar turn to cuboidal as epithelium decreases in height

Question 11

What are the final bronchioles called?

Answer 11

• the terminal are the second last and don’t exchange gas

- the last ones are the respiratory bronchioles that have alveoli on the walls

Question 12

What do the respiratory bronchioles have in them?

Answer 12

smooth muscle that responds to parasympathetic innervation so asthma and allergy

Question 13

What type of cells are in the terminal bronchioles?

Answer 13

cuboidal ciliated epithelium with club/clara cells that project above cilated cells

Question 14

What type of cells are alveolar type 1 cells?

Answer 14

simple squamous epithelium

Question 15

What type of cells are alveolar type 2 cells?

Answer 15

bulbous cells in the corners that contain surfactant which is released by exocytosis

Question 16

What type of cells are in the visceral pleura and what are the layers underneath?

Answer 16

simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) on fibrous and elastic connective tissue which faces the parietal pleura

Question 17

What are the changes as the respiratory tree is descended?

Answer 17

• shorter epithelium

- goblet cells are lost

Question 18

What releases surfactant?

Answer 18

type 2 alveolar cells

Question 19

What is the role of alveolar macrophages?

Answer 19

phagocytose inhaled particles and migrate up the bronchial tree by ciliary action to the pharynx where they are swallowed or move into the septal connective tissue to remain there