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CABS2: Pulm > Interstitial Lung Disease > Flashcards

Interstitial Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the zones of the lung

A

Zones 1- Zone 3

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2
Q

what is Zone 1

A

alveloar pressure is greater than capillary thus collapsing it

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3
Q

what is Zone 2

A

above the LA the alveolar pressure > venous but not arterial

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4
Q

what is Zone 3

A

base, low alveolar pressure, higher vascular pressure, alveoli more compliant

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5
Q

what is pulmonary fibrosis

A

scarring of parenchyma
may be idiopathic, associated with post disease processes (scaring), substance exposure, radiation, or autoimmune causes

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6
Q

where in the lung can occupational lung disease affect the pulmonary system

A

rhinitis
sinusitis
reactive airway
COPD
malignancy
pleuritis
fibrosis

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7
Q

what is the most common type of pulmonary fibrosis

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
m/c in men and those >40yo
progressive d/o

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8
Q

what is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with

A

chronic inflammation (alveolitis)
- over production of connective tissue cells
- change in airspace with formation of honeycomb cysts

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9
Q

what type of cell is damaged in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

type 1 epithelial cells
and overgrowth type 2
does not allow for repair/regrowth of the damaged epithelium

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10
Q

what are signs/symptoms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

DOE
Inspiratory crackles
decreased forced vital capacity
clubbing

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11
Q

what is pulmonary fibrosis associated with chronic exposure to inorganic dust particles

A

penumoconiosis
m/c associated with silica, asbestos, coal

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12
Q

what is the presentation of penumoconiosis

A

cough, dyspnea, diminished lung volume, can progress to hypoxemia
often associated with work related exposures

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13
Q

what is Black Lung disease

A

coal workers pneumoconiosis
m/c in patients who work > 20 years in coal mine
m/c in KY, WV, VA

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14
Q

what is the pathophysiology of CWP

A

coal dust enters alveoli
macrophages attack particles
inflammatory reaction with cytokine release
form nodules within alveoli
bronchiole dilates
airway will change shape
obstruction

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15
Q

what is the presentation of CWP

A

cough, progressive dyspnea, melanopysis (black), pulmonary HTN, RV failure
1/3 of miners smoke

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16
Q

what causes silicosis

A

inhalation of crystalline silica - found in sand, concrete, mortar, glass, pottery, bricks

17
Q

what professions have the most exposure to asbestos

A

welders, ship builders, bricklayers, carpenters, plumers, painters, electricians, navy person, construction of old houses

18
Q

what is the presentation of asbestosis

A

initially asymptomatic but progresses to SOB, nonproductive cough, fatigue, clubbing, crackles, cor pulmonale, decreased lung volumes, diminished diffusion capacity

19
Q

What is a noncaseating granulomatous disease

A

sarcoidosis - marked accumulation of T lymphocytes and phagocytes -> granuloma formation
immune disorder - HLA gene

20
Q

the formation of granuloma elsewhere with sarcoidosis can lead to

A

diabetes insipidus with involvement of hypothalamus
meningitis
uveitis
restrictive cardiomyopathy
hepatospelnomegaly
arthralgia
erythema nodosum

21
Q

what is a parenchymal inflammation secondary to immune reaction to inhaled noxious stimuli

A

hypersensitivity pneumonitis
thought to be genetic predisposition

22
Q

what are the more common hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

farmers lung
bird fanciers disease
local outbreaks: construction, ventilation or water contamination, manufacturing

23
Q

what is farms lung

A

most common subtype of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
m/c in humid areas
may be seasonal
exposure to fungi/molds, yeast, mites, animal dust, excrement, chemical

24
Q

What is bird fancier’s disease

A

seen in pigeon breeders - in this population, rates higher than in farmers
associated with handling of bird stool or material on feathers

25
Q

what can reduce your risk of hypersensitivity pnneumonitis

A

smoking

26
Q

define hypoxemia

A

decreased O2 in arterial blood

27
Q

define hypoxia

A

decreased O2 in tissues

28
Q

what is the cause of clubbing

A

result of chronic hypoxemia
m/c results from CHF, TB, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, cyanotic congenital heart disease

CABS2: Pulm (7 decks)

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