Infectious pulmonary disorders Flashcards
What is pneumonia
infection within the lung
typically transmitted via inhalation, hematogenous spread or aspiration
what are the most common bacterial causes of pneumonia
streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumonia (walking pneumonia)
what is included in the lung microbiomes
prevoetella, veilonella and streptococcus subspecies of bacteria
what decreases the response to activation of irritant receptors
alcohol and opioids
what are the sxs of pneumonia
size/severity of disease process will yield symptoms
cough, hypoxemia, tachycardia, SOB
what is interstitial pneumonia
diffuse pattern - bacteria
what are the risk factors for aspiration pneumonia
impaired swallowing
impaired consciousness
increased chance of gastric contents reaching the lung
impaired cough reflex
what is mycobacteria
thick lipid cell wall creates waxy layer
this layer will make it more resistant to desiccation, phagocytosis, abx, dehydration
allows the bacteria to form granulomas
ex. leprocy and TB
how do you look for mycobacteria
acid fast staining
what does mycobacterium tuberculosis produce
chronic granuloma
central area full of multinucleated cells that contain TB
surrounding will be epitheloid cells
what is the clinical presentation of TB
cough
hemoptysis - alveolar damage
pleuritic pain
night sweats
fatigue
fever/chills
weight loss
what are the stages of TB
primary TB
progressive primary TB
latent phase
reactivation
what is miliary TB
bacteremic infection that spreads to other tissues
- typically via lymphatics, primarily to the lung apices, CNS, gut, skin.. all organs can be affected
what is bronchitis
inflammatory response in the lower respiratory tract
m/c associated with virus
what is bronchiolitis
inflammation of the lower airways
m/c in kids
typically viral
location will cause increase in asthma bronchconstriction
what is epiglotitis
inflammation of epiglottis
m/c d/t infection
may also be d/t thermal burns/trauma
what is the most common pathogen with epiglotitis
S. aureus and S. pneumoniae
what is the most common bronchiolitis
RSV
what is the presentation of epiglotitis
sore throat
dysphagia
fever
dyspnea
cough
hot potato voice
stridor drooling
what is the epiglotitis triad
drooling
dysphagia
distress
what is bordetella pertussis
gram negative, aerobic, coccobacilli, high virulence
no known animal reservoirs
causes pertussis
what is pertussis toxin
assists with binding and gaining entry to epithelial cells
causes: histamine sensitization, increased increased synthesis, promotes lymphocytes production but inhibits phagocytosis
how is bordetella pertussis transmidited
inhalation or respiratory droplets (Incubation 1-3 weeks, typically 7-10 days)
what is another name for whooping cough
pertusis
nwhat are the stages of pertusis
catarrhal stage: 1-2 weeks
paroxysmal stage
convalescent stage
