Infectious pulmonary disorders Flashcards
What is pneumonia
infection within the lung
typically transmitted via inhalation, hematogenous spread or aspiration
what are the most common bacterial causes of pneumonia
streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumonia (walking pneumonia)
what is included in the lung microbiomes
prevoetella, veilonella and streptococcus subspecies of bacteria
what decreases the response to activation of irritant receptors
alcohol and opioids
what are the sxs of pneumonia
size/severity of disease process will yield symptoms
cough, hypoxemia, tachycardia, SOB
what is interstitial pneumonia
diffuse pattern - bacteria
what are the risk factors for aspiration pneumonia
impaired swallowing
impaired consciousness
increased chance of gastric contents reaching the lung
impaired cough reflex
what is mycobacteria
thick lipid cell wall creates waxy layer
this layer will make it more resistant to desiccation, phagocytosis, abx, dehydration
allows the bacteria to form granulomas
ex. leprocy and TB
how do you look for mycobacteria
acid fast staining
what does mycobacterium tuberculosis produce
chronic granuloma
central area full of multinucleated cells that contain TB
surrounding will be epitheloid cells
what is the clinical presentation of TB
cough
hemoptysis - alveolar damage
pleuritic pain
night sweats
fatigue
fever/chills
weight loss
what are the stages of TB
primary TB
progressive primary TB
latent phase
reactivation
what is miliary TB
bacteremic infection that spreads to other tissues
- typically via lymphatics, primarily to the lung apices, CNS, gut, skin.. all organs can be affected
what is bronchitis
inflammatory response in the lower respiratory tract
m/c associated with virus
what is bronchiolitis
inflammation of the lower airways
m/c in kids
typically viral
location will cause increase in asthma bronchconstriction
