Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CABS2: Pulm > CABS: Regulation of respiration and drive and CLIN MED: PFT and ABG (incomplete) > Flashcards

CABS: Regulation of respiration and drive and CLIN MED: PFT and ABG (incomplete) Flashcards

1
Q

what determines pH

A

H+ concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what balances pH

A

CO2 and HCO3- concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the calculation for pH

A

HCO3- / pCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how much CO2 do we produce per minute

A

200mL / Min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what triggers central chemoreceptors

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how much more soluble than O2 is CO2

A

20x - will diffuse very quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the henderson hasselback equations

A

CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> HCO3- + H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the combination of CO2 + H20

A

carbonic acid (H2CO3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the buffer of pH

A

bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what controls the bicarbonate levels

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is normal bicarb levels

A

24-26 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the by-product of glucose and oxygen

A

carbon dioxide + water + ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what chemicals control involuntary breathing

A

CO2
H+
H2CO3
HCO3
pO2 - partial pressure O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the different types of chemoreceptors

A

CO2 (periphery) and O2 receptors (peripherally and centrally located)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what occurs to the pH when the CO2 increases

A

pH will decrease (acidosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is part of the respiratory center within the brain stem

A

Pons - pneumotaxic and apneustic center
Medulla - dorsal and ventral respiratory group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the pneumotaxic center

A

located in the pons
modify breathing rhythm that is set forth by the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups
helps with inspiration/expiration transition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the apneustic center

A

located in the pons
modify breathing rhythm that is set for by the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups
involved in inspiration
received input from stretch receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what the dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

A

primary control in respiratory drive
located in the medulla
chemical, mechanical and neural triggers
(at rest breathing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the ventral respiratory group (VRG)

A

activated during times of increased effort
controls the rhythm of breathing
assists with inspiration and expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what signals initiate VRG

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

at what point does O2 become the primary driver to influence respiratory rate

A

< 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what do the chemoreceptors in the carotids detect

A

CO2 (and O2 if now) (and pH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are irritant receptors

A

react to noxious stimuli within the lung
located in the conducting airway epithelium
triggers cough reflex and bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the function of the lung receptors
these will all send afferent stimuli to the dorsal respiratory group of the medulla
26
what are stretch receptors
lung receptors-assist with ventilatory rate/volume as the smooth muscles sense/react to over inflation/deflation will stop continued inhalation to prevent barotrauma
27
what are J-receptors
lung receptors - sense pulmonary capillary pressure react to pulmonary edema
28
what are j receptors most commonly associated with
left HF - rapid/shallow breathing
29
what is the ANS inneration
determines the diameter of the airways (constriction and dilation)
30
what is the affect of the parasympathetic on the lungs
vagus nerve will cause constriction of the airways irritants/inflammation can trigger
31
what is the sympathetic affect on the lungs
causes relaxation of the airways - dilation occurs due to catecholamines stress - b-agnoists
32
what is FiO2
% of oxygen they are getting in
33
what is the PaO2 within the pulmonary artery
40mmHg
34
what is the PaO2 within the pulmonary vein
100mmHg
35
what is ABG
arterial blood gas
36
what is the ABG a gold standard test for evaluating
acid-base balance oxygenation ventilation
37
what are indications for ABG
critically ill, respiratory condition, metabolic disorder ICU, ED never done in Primary care
38
how is ABG obtained
radial arterial puncture - uncomfortable for patients
39
what does the ABG tell us
pH PaO2/PO2 PaCO2/PCO2 HCO3 concentration degree of excess or deficit of base in the blood O2 Sat
40
What is an alternative to ABG
venous blood gas (VBG) - can assess oxygenation provides venous pH and HCO3 concentrations End-tidal CO2/Capnography - requires tight fitting mask or intubation
41
what does protein breakdown yield
acids
42
what is the normal pH of the blood
7.35 - 7.45
43
what does pH =
-log (H+) HCO3- (mEq/L) / pCO2 (mmHg)
44
where is bicarbonate made
in the kidney to buffer acids -> more alkalotic
45
where is bicarbonate reabsobed
by the proximal tubule
46
why is pH important
metabolic functioning protein structure enzymatic functioning cell wall integrity ...so many things
47
how does acidosis affect metabolism
hyperkalemia
48
how does alkalosis affect metabolism
decreased push of protons into the cell this means that the calcium, mag, K are not getting pushed out of the cells so they can drop in ECF
49
how does acidosis affect the respiratory system
tachypnea can drop CO2 to about 10 at lowest point Right shift
50
how does alkalosis affect the respiratory system
low respiratory rate left shift
51
how does acidosis affect cardiovascular system
decreased cardiac output vasodilation increase ectopic rhythms from unstable cellular function hyperkalemia
52
how does alkalosis affect cardiovascular system
leads to excitability ventricular tachyarrhythmias SVT hypokalemia
53
how quickly do the lungs react to bicarbonate levels
within minutes
54
how quickly do the kidneys react to bicarbonate
hours to days
55
what is ionic shifts
H+ is exchanged for K+ (and others) across cellular membranes occurs within hours
56
what is an anion gap
AG = Na - (Cl + HCO3)
57
what are acid base disorders
respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic acidosis metabolic alkalosis
58
what can cause respiratory acidosis
anything that impairs ventilation or oxygenation asthma/COPD obstruction pneumonia (rare) Head/chest trauma respiratory depression (CNS lesions, drugs, sedation)
59
what causes respiratory alkalosis
think anything that causes hyperventilation pain/anxiety CNS disorders salicylate (ASA) liver disease sepsis
60
what is respiratory acidosis hallmarked by
increase PaCO2
61
what is respiratory alkalosis hallmarked by
decreased PaCO2
62
what is metabolic acidosis
pH < 7.4 secondary to 'metabolic' disturbance decreased acid excretion-> accumulation increased acid load (ketones, lactate) reduced level of base (HCO3)
63
what is metabolic alkalosis
pH > 7.4 secondary to metabolic distrubance excess acid excretion increased level of base (HCO3) hallmark is increased serum levels of HCO3
64
What is the ROME criteria
Respiratory are Opposites, Metabolic is Equivalent
65
what is a common way to measure and monitor arterial oxygen saturation
pulse oximetry ration of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin expressed as percentage
66
what are the different lung volume types
tidal volume reserve volume (inspiratory, expiratory) residual volume
67
what are the different lung capacity types
inspiratory, expiratory, functional residual, vital capacity, total lung capacity
68
what is the tidal volume
the amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle (normal breath) will include volume to fill physiologic dead space normal = 300-500mL
69
what is the minute ventilation
tidal volume (TV) x Respiratory Rate (RR)
70
what is inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after tidal volume (amount in a 'deep breath') normal = 1900-3300 mL
71
what is expiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond tidal volume (amount in 'full exhale') normal = 700-1200mL
72
what is residual volume
amount of air that remains in the lungs after full exhale normal about 1200mL
73
what is inspiratory capacity
total inspiratory volume inspiratory reserve + TV
74
what is total lung capacity
total volume of air the lungs can accommodate with maximal inspiration Calculated (IRV + TV + ERV + RV) normal about 4-6L
75
what is vital capacity
total volume exhaled after full inhalation 4800mL TV is only about 10% of vital capacity (VC)
76
what is functional residual capacity (FRC)
air in the lung after a typical exhalation (non-forced)
77
what is a PFT
pulmonary function tests start with spirometry if abnormal - repeat after bronchodilator
78
what are PFTs utilized for
to diagnose restrictive and obstructive pulmonary disorders

CABS2: Pulm (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions