Intersex Flashcards
A term is used when someone is born with sex characteristics that don’t fit the usual definition of girl or boy.
Intersex
Intersex was previously called as having a
disorder of sex development
is a genetic disease that causes biological males to be born with an extra copy of the X chromosome in their cells
XXY, or Klinefelter syndrome
Males with this condition may not have any symptoms or may have a variety of symptoms, including smaller-than-normal testicles that produce less testosterone.
XXY, or Klinefelter syndrome
- May result in infertility
- delay speech and language development in male children
XXY, or Klinefelter syndrome
Symptoms of XXY, or Klinefelter syndrome in males and teens
- mild dyslexia
- issues with paying attention
- lowered energy levels
- difficulty socializing
- delayed puberty, which can include:
- a lack of facial or body hair
- a higher-pitched voice
- more fat deposits around the hips and buttocks, creating a rounder lower half of
the body - enlarged breasts (gynecomastia)
- taller stature than the rest of the family (including long arms and legs)
- difficulty increasing or producing muscle tone
- smaller testicles
- smaller penis
Symptoms of XXY, or Klinefelter syndrome in adults
- major problems with
learning and speech - poor coordination
- unique facial features
- bone problems
- a genetic condition that occurs when a male has an extra copy of the Y chromosome in each of their cells (XYY). Sometimes, this mutation is only present in some cells. Males with XYY syndrome have 47 chromosomes because of the extra Y chromosome.
XYY syndrome or Jacob’s syndrome
result of a random mix-up, or mutation, during the creation of a male’s genetic code. Most cases of XYY syndrome are not inherited
XYY syndrome or Jacob’s syndrome
symptoms of XYY syndrome in babies
- hypotonia (weak muscle tone)
- delayed motor skill development, such as with walking or crawling
- delayed or difficult speech
symptoms of XYY syndrome in a young child or teenager
- an autism diagnosis
- attention difficulties
- delayed motor skill development, such as with writing
- delayed or difficult speech
- emotional or behavioral issues
- hand trembling or involuntary muscle movements
- hypotonia (weak muscle tone)
- learning disabilities
- taller-than-average height
when chromosomes differ by cell (e.g., some cells are XXY and some are XY)
Mosaicism
occurs when a person has two or more genetically different sets of cells in his or her body. If those abnormal cells begin to outnumber the normal cells, it can lead to disease that can be traced from the cellular level to affected tissue, like skin, the brain, or other organs.
Mosaicism
an organism or tissue where the cells have distinct genomes and all of the cells originated from the same fertilized zygote
Mosaicism
The condition can stem from a genetic error that occurs after fertilization of an egg, during very early embryo development, or it could occur later in development
Mosaicism
This is a disorder that causes red, scaly skin all over the body.
Ichthyosis with confetti
This syndrome can cause low amounts of testosterone. This can lead to problems with sexual development and other issues.
Klinefelter syndrome
This disorder causes a red birthmark called a port-wine stain.
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
It also causes excess growth of soft tissues and bones, as well as abnormal veins
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
is a condition that causes intellectual disabilities and delays, weak muscles, and flat facial features. It can also cause a heart defect, digestive problems, thyroid problems, and other health issues.
Mosaic Down syndrome
This is a developmental disorder that causes weak muscles, intellectual disability, thin hair, patches of abnormal skin color, and other birth defects
Pallister-Killian mosaic syndrome
this condition causes seizures, intellectual disability, and delayed speech and motor development
Ring chromosome 14 syndrome
This is a rare disorder that can cause a child to be born without eyes. It can also cause seizures, brain problems, and delayed growth.
SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome
This condition is caused by an extra X chromosome in each of a woman’s cells. It can cause learning disabilities, delayed language skills, and problems with motor skills and muscles.
Triple X syndrome
This condition can cause slow growth in the womb, heart defects, a small head, and other defects. Only a small number of children with this condition live past their first year.
Trisomy 18
This is a condition in women that causes short height, ovarian problems, lack of fertility, and heart defects
Turner syndrome
This condition is caused by a chromosomal difference (mosaic), in which some chromosomes are XY (male), and some are XO – meaning they are missing a second sex chromosome.
Mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD)
This results in the child being born with an undescended testicle on one side, and an underdeveloped sex organ on the other side
Mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD)
Children with this condition may require hormone treatment and need regular monitoring of their growth and development
Mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD)
are genetically male (meaning they have XY chromosomes), but their bodies are resistant to sex hormones for male development
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
This causes the development of genitals that are either completely or partially female
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
A child with ________________ is genetically male but looks like a girl.
complete Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Babies with _______________ may have both male and female -looking genitalia, such as a large clitoris or testicles that have not descended into the scrotum.
partial AIS
Boys born with a very small penis are said to have a
Micropenis
Boys born with a very small penis are said to have a micropenis. There’s no universally agreed upon criteria of what constitutes a micropenis, but in a newborn boy it usually means the penis measures less than _____________ long when gently stretched
0.75 inches
produce extra male sex hormones called androgens and have trouble producing other hormones.
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Girls (babies with female chromosomes) with _________________________ may have an enlarged clitoris or genitalia that looks male
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
What does intersex look like?
*a clitoris that’s larger than expected
*a penis that’s smaller than expected
*no vaginal opening
*a penis without a urethra opening at the tip (the opening
might instead be on the underside)
*labia that are closed or otherwise resemble a scrotum
*a scrotum that is empty and resembles labia
