Gender Sensitivity Flashcards
refers to the TWO categories of being Male and Female – needed for the act of mating to result in biological reproduction.
Sex
biologically determined
Sex
constant across time, across different societies and cultures
Sex
A function in which a male or female assumes because of
the basic physiological or anatomical difference between the sexes. A role which can only be performed by only
one of the sexes.
Sex Roles
Female Sex Roles
▪ Gestation
▪ Lactation
▪ Child- bearing
Male Sex Roles
▪ Ovum fertilization
▪ Produces spermatozoa which determines child’s sex
set of qualities, differentiated roles or responsibilities, attitudes, and values assigned by culture and society to women and men.
Gender
Expectations, held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviors of both women and men.
Gender
roles assigned to men and women based on their gender
Gender Roles
refers to activities which are considered appropriate and acceptable for boys or girls; men or women.
Gender Roles
part of gender norms; it is society’s evaluation of behavior as masculine or feminine
Gender Roles
Female gender roles are associated with appropriate concepts of _______________ and traits
Femininity
Female gender roles are associated with appropriate concepts of femininity and traits such as:
- submissiveness
- modesty
- nurturance
Male gender roles are associated with appropriate concepts of Masculinity and traits such as:
- dominance
- assertiveness
- independence
Gender Roles of Women
▪ Cooking
▪ Childcare
▪ Housekeeping
Gender Roles of Men
▪ Leader
▪ Providing income for the family
It is the tendency or attitude, to ascribe particular traits,
characteristics and roles distinctly to men and particular
traits, characteristics, roles distinctly women.
Gender Stereotypes
The process by which an individual learns to conform to the norms of the group: where one
- is born with
-internalizes these norms
-acquire status
-plan corresponding roles
Socialization
Agents of Gender Socialization
- Family
- School
- Media
telling children what they are and what is expected of them
Verbal Appellation
people direct children’s attention to gender appropriate
objects
Canalization
channeling of an organism’s needs into a fixed behavior pattern
Canalization
people handle girls and boys differently even as infants
Manipulation
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
- Family
- Workplace
- Educational Institutions
- Language
- Church
- Media
- State
Filipinos were:
* Gender sensitive
Pre-Colonial Era
Acknowledge the equal worth and rights of women and men, there was gender equity
Pre-Colonial Era
Equal treatment and equal value for sons and daughters
Pre-Colonial Era
Acknowledge women as major contributors to economic
prosperity of families and communities
Pre-Colonial Era
Name of women was maintained
Pre-Colonial Era
Dowry given to the family of bride-to-be, cash or in kind or
service
Pre-Colonial Era
Private property of their husband
Spanish Era
Ownership of wealth or land was not allowed
Spanish Era
Education was denied to women
Spanish Era
Served as debt payment to landlords
Spanish Era
Reshaped Women according to Iberian
Spanish Era
Submissive to men’s decision
Spanish Era
US training for Filipino professional – teachers
American Era
social problems related to US military camps, they were exploited
American Era
Associations of women sprung out but with limited activities
American Era
Flowering of association of women
American Era
- Right of women to vote;
- Access to education;
American Era
Got employment but received lower salary and position than men did
American Era
Emergence of querida system especially in the military
camp
American Era
No economic activities took place
Japanese Era
Menstruation of women stopped due to loss of weight and starvation
Japanese Era
means to give differential treatment to individuals on the grounds of their gender
Gender Discrimination
abused and raped in the garrison
Japanese Era
Secondary status of women in society, because of this they
have less access to and control over resources for development and its benefits.
Gender Subordination
Women become victims of all forms of violence, like battering, rape, sexual harassment, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women simply because they are women and occupy a subordinate status in society
Violence Against Women
We can refrain from being GENDER BIASED by
being ____________________
GENDER SENSITIVE
mean both the improved material well-being (welfare) of people and the process by which this improved well-being is
achieved
Development
material benefits from the development process should be fairly distributed, especially to benefit those most in need,
the disadvantaged and the most vulnerable
Equality
means that everybody has an equal chance, especially for equal access, there is no structural discrimination standing
in the way of any individual or social group.
Equality of Opportunity
is the ability to recognize gender issues, and especially the ability to recognize women’s different perceptions and interests arising from their different social location and different gender roles
Gender sensitivity
is an important element of development, being the process by which people take control and action in order to overcome obstacles.
Empowerment
affect everybody, men or women, rich or poor, young or old, etc. in all spheres of life
Gender Issues
These are difficulties that women and men experience as a result of cultural biases - emanating from beliefs, attitudes, values, roles and characteristics attributed by society to women and men
Gender Issues
is a major advance in development theory and practice.
GAD
It has grown out of attempts to understand both the ongoing inequality between women and men and the failure of countless development and women’s projects.
GAD
is about recognizing that gender biases impede development
GAD
is a development perspective that recognizes the unequal status and situations of women and men in society.
GAD
“the State recognizes the role of women in nation building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men.”
1987 Constitution
The Philippines as signatory to these treatises has committed to pursue women’s empowerment and gender equality in the country
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Beijing Platform for Action, Millennium Development Goals
“Women in Development and Nation Building”
- Promotes the partnership of women and men in nation building
Republic Act 7192
“A substantial portion of official development assistance funds received from foreign governments and multilateral agencies and organizations shall be set aside and utilized by the agencies concerned to support programs and activities for women
Republic Act 7192
All government departments shall ensure that women benefit equally and participate directly in the development programs and projects … specifically those funded under official foreign development assistance, to ensure the full participation and involvement of women in the development process”
Republic Act 7192
Executive Order No. 273 was signed in __________________ by ______________________
September 8, 1995; President Fidel V. Ramos
agencies are mandated to institutionalize Gender and Development (GAD) in government by incorporating the GAD concerns spelled out in the PPGD in their planning, programming and budgeting processes.
Executive Order No. 273
mandates agencies to incorporate and reflect GAD concerns in their agency performance commitment contracts, annual budget proposals and work and financial plans.
Executive Order No. 273
Pursuant to the annual General Appropriations Act, agencies are tasked to formulate a GAD plan and to implement the same by utilizing at least five percent (5%) of their total budget appropriations
General Appropriations Act
Includes guidelines and procedures for the formulation and submission of agency annual GAD plans and budgets, and GAD accomplishment reports
DBM-NEDA-NCRFW Joint Circular No. 2004-01
Provides mechanics for the development of programs and projects that promote gender-responsive governance, protect and fulfill women’s human rights and promote women’s economic empowerment
DBM-NEDA-NCRFW Joint Circular No. 2004-01
Magna Carta of Women
Republic Act 9710
defines local governance as “the process by which communities address their own needs, problems and priorities through more responsive and accountable local governments.”
Republic Act 7160 or the Local Government Code
directs LGUs to incorporate in their local development plans, programs on GAD and coordinates with the DILG offices for the mobilization of resources for GAD programs and activities.
DILG Memorandum Circular 1998-148
The use of language which devalues members of one sex, almost invariably women, thus foster gender inequality.
Sexism in Language
