Interpretation of Periodontal Disease Flashcards
what is periodontal disease
destructive inflammatory disease affecting supporting structures of the teeth
what is gingivitis
only the soft tissues are involved
what is involved in periodontitis
soft tissues and supporting bone affected
what is the major cause of tooth loss in patients over 35 yers old
peridontal disease
severity of peridontal disease increases with:
- age
- amount of plaque
- amount of bacterial micro- flora
what are the predisposing factors of periodontal disease
- plaque
- salivary immune factors
- cell mediated hypersensitivitty in crevicular plaque
- local dental factors
what local dental factors are predisposing factors for perio disease
- poor restorations
- calculus
- tilted/rotated tooth
- thin bone
what are the clinical signs of perio disease
- edema, erythema of the tissues
- loss of epithelial attachment to tooth surface and pocket formation
- bleeding on probing
- purulence
what are clinical signs of periodontal changes
- erythema
- visible tissue recession
- periodontal pocket depth - probing
what should be evaluated in bone in radiographs
- quantity- relative to root length
- quantity- crestal evaluation
- quality
- furcation
- PDL space
what are the classes of alveolar bone loss
- generalized
- localized
- horizontal
- vertical
what qualifies as generalized bone loss
greater than 75% of existing dentition
what qualifies as localized bone loss
specify locations ex: #7-D
what features of the root should be examined in radiographs
- length
- shape- conical, diverging, curves, dilaceration
- crown:root ratio
what root anatomy is observed in radiographs
- length
- atypical multiple roots
- proximity to adjacent roots
- shape
what are the things to look for in root length
- atypical multiple roots
what is root dilaceration
- abnormal angulation or bend in the root and occasionally crown of a tooth
what are the causes of root dilaceration
- trauma during odontogenesis
- idiopathic
how is calculus best demonstrated on radiographs
with bright densities
what are the radiographic cahnges in periodontal disease
- horizontal bone loss
- vertical bone loss
- furcation involvement
- large crown:root ratio
what is horizontal bone loss
even/uniform apical movement of the alveolar crestal bone height along adjacent root surfaces between affected tooth/teeth
what does healthy posterior bone look like
- flat, corticated crest
- physiologic bone height is less than or equal to 2mm from CEJs
what does healthy bone in anterior dentition look like
- pointed, corticated crest
what is incipient bone loss
slight crestal bone loss of less than or equal to 1-2mm but less than 20%
