Interpersonal Aggression Flashcards
Aggression
Behavior whose immediate intent is to hurt someone
Longer-term goal may be different
Conflict
perceived incompatibility of goals between two or more parties
Types of Aggression
Instrumental aggression:
- Aggression as a means to an end, to obtain rewards
Hostile aggression:
- Driven by angry feelings due to provocation
Origins of Aggression: Is it “human nature”?
Evolutionary explanation:•Competitionfor status and resources
Observational studies in agression
- Mostly children
* Archival studies (crimes/ criminals)
Laboratory tasks in research on agression
- Verbal assaults
- Ostensibly harmful attacks
- Hot sauce paradigm
Eagly & Steffen (1986)
Gender differences in aggression
Meta-analysis
Gender differences in aggression
Eagly & Steffen (1986)
- Men are more aggressive
- Gender differences are in consistent
- Largest differences in causing pain and suffering
- Women perceive larger harm in aggression
Threats
- 1.Emotional responses to provocation, disrespect, insult (self-esteem )
- 2.Mortality salience motivate sagression(self)
- 3.Threat to values and ideologies (self-worth)
Negative emotions increase and decrease:
increase: •Frustration •Pain
•Fear •Irritation
Decrease: •Disgust
Dollard & Miller et al.
The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Dollard & Miller et al.:
•Aggressionis the result of blocking a person’s efforts to attain a goal
Berkowitz
the cause of aggression is anger:
Deciding Whether or Not to Aggress
- •anger or emotional arousal
- •alcohol use
- ss •time pressure
- •individual differences in cognitive and social skills
- •Superficial processing
Reducing Conflict and Aggression
- Promote norms of non-aggression
- Check and re-check interpretations of situation (systematic processing)
- Minimize cues for aggression
- Negotiation
- Promote empathy with others
