5. Group development, group performance and leadership

Question 1

Types of Groups

Answer 1

Primary or intimacy groups
- Family, circle of close friends
Secondary or task groups
- Work teams, committees

Question 2

Three stage of becoming a member

Answer 2

• 1.Investigation (sizing each other up)
• 2.Socialization (learning the group’s norms)
• 3.Maintenance (sticking to the group, loyalty)

Question 3

Group Development (Tuckman, 1965)

Answer 3

1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning

Question 4

1. Forming

Answer 4

• Members and groups mutually evaluate
• Exchange of information
• Understandgroup goals
• Intensefocus on leader
• Self-disclosure

Question 5

2. Storming

Answer 5

• Period of conflict
• Group and individuals negotiate specific roles
• Conflict over group goals, ways to meet them
• Conflict over competition for influence,
• attention from leader

Question 6

3. Norming

Answer 6

• Consensus, cohesion, positive group identity develop
• Disagreements are resolved into consensual norms
• Members feel sense of trust and liking
• Commitment to group is high

Question 7

4. Performing

Answer 7

• Members cooperate to solve problems, make decisions, or produce output
• Exchange of information
• Productive resolution of disagreements
• Continued commitment to group goals

Question 8

5. Adjourning

Answer 8

• Dissolution of group
• Group has fulfilled purpose or was set to end
• Often marked by period of evaluating work, sharing feelings about group
• Dissolution of group can be stressful if commitment made it important identity for members.

Question 9

Ostracism

Answer 9

• Being ignored or excluded from a group

Question 10

• Additive

Answer 10

Additive tasks allow members to each contribute individually and those individual contributions then add together

Question 11

• Disjunctive

Answer 11

Disjunctive tasks require group members to determine a single solution for the entire group.

Question 12

Conjunctive

Answer 12

Conjunctive tasks are tasks requiring all group members to contribute to complete the product (climbing a ountain)

Question 13

• Compensatory

Answer 13

Compensatory tasks require group members to average their individual recommendations or solutions

Question 14

• Complex

Answer 14

Discretionary tasks allow members of the group to determine which way they will use and/or combine individual contributions.

Question 15

Causes of Group Performance Loss

Answer 15

• Illusion of group productivity
• Brainstorming: distraction by others’ ideas
• Coordination loss