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TOB > Internal Surfaces Of The Body > Flashcards

Internal Surfaces Of The Body Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three layers of a mucous membrane?

A 
Epithelium
Lamina propria (connective tissue)
Muscularis mucosa (in the alimentary tract)
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1
Q

Which tubes are lined by mucous membranes?

A

Alimentary canal
Respiratory tract
Urinary tract

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2
Q

Where are serous membranes found?

A

Pericardium, pleural sac, peritoneum.

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3
Q

What are the functions of a serous membrane?

A

Secrete lubricating fluid
Attach the epithelium to adjacent tissues.
Carry blood vessels and nerves.

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4
Q

What are the two layers of a serous membrane?

A

Mesothelium

Connective tissue

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5
Q

How do the organs and their associated serosa develop embryologically?

A

Develop next to cavity, then invaginate.

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6
Q

Where are the parietal and visceral serosa?

A

Parietal is the outside of the serosa, visceral is adjacent to the organs.

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7
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

Part of the peritoneum that attaches the organs to the abdominal wall, supplied with blood and lymph vessels.

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8
Q

What are the four layers of the gut wall?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

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9
Q

What are the three layers of the mucosa?

A

Epithelia, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

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10
Q

What is often present in the lamina propria?

A

Peyers patches (aggregations of lymphocytes) and mucosal glands.

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11
Q

What is found in the submucosa?

A

Glands, arteries, veins, nerves.

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12
Q

What are the two layers of the muscularis externa?

A

Inner circular layer
Outer longitudinal layer
(Both actually spirals)

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13
Q

What sort of connective tissue is found in the lamina propria?

A

Loose.

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14
Q

What is found in the lamina propria of the oesophagus?

A

Many cells of the immune system.
Blood vessels and nerves.
Smooth muscle cells

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15
Q

What connective tissue surrounds the oesophagus?

A

Adventitia (not peritoneum)

16
Q

What is secreted by the gastric mucosa?

A

Acid, digestive enzymes, gastrin (hormone)

17
Q

How many layers does the muscularis mucosa of the stomach have, what are they?

A

Innermost oblique layer - responsible for creating motion that churns food.
Middle circular layer
Outer longitudinal layer

18
Q

What are rugae?

A

Folds in gastric mucosa that cause longitudinal ridges in empty stomach.

19
Q

What are plicae circulares?

A

Circular folds of mucosa and submucosa that project into gut lumen.

20
Q

What is the conducting portion of the respiratory tract?

A

Nasal cavity to bronchioles

21
Q

What is the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract?

A

Respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

22
Q

What are the layers of the tracheal wall?

A

Mucosa: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, lamina propria
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Adventitia

23
Q

What cells are found in the bronchioles and further down the respiratory surfactant, and what is their function?

A

Club cells -secrete surfactant.

24
Q

What cells are present in the alveoli, in what proportion, and what is their function?

A

90% of the surface area is squamous cells (type 1) which permit gaseous exchange.
10% of the surface area is cuboidal cells (type 2) which secrete surfactant
There are numerous macrophages.

25
Q

What are the three layers of the ureter?

A

Transitional epithelium
Fibroelastic lamina propria
Circular muscularis externa

26
Q

What features of the transitional epithelium confer impermeability to urine?

A

Thick plasma membrane, intercellular tight junctions.

27
Q

What is the change of shape of the urethra during urination?

A

Stellate to ovoid.

28
Q

What are the layers of the wall of the bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium
Lamina propria containing smooth muscle.
Muscularis externa - 3 interwoven layers.

29
Q

What is the length of the urethra in males, and in females?

A

20cm, and 3-4cm.

TOB (14 decks)

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