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TOB > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

0
Q

What epithelia are derived from ectoderm?

A

Epidermis, corneal epithelium.

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1
Q

Define epithelia

A

Sheets of contiguous cells of varied embryonic origin which cover the external surfaces of the body and line internal surfaces.

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2
Q

What epithelia are derived from mesoderm?

A

Epithelium of urogenital tract.
Endothelium of blood and lymphatic vessels.
Pericardial and pleural dad lining.
Peritoneal lining.

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3
Q

What epithelia are derived from endoderm?

A

Epithelial lining of GI tract.
Epithelial lining of respiratory tract.
Many glands - thymus, salivary, thyroid.
Epithelium of liver.

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4
Q

What is basement membrane?

A

Thin acellular layer, lies between epithelia and subtending connective tissue.
Consists of a basal lamina laid down by epithelial cells - type four collagen and laminin
And lamina reticularis - type three collagen - elaborated by connective tissue

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5
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane?

A

Cellular and molecular filter.

Surface for cells to adhere to.

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6
Q

What implication does penetration of the basement membrane by malignant cells have?

A

Highly relevant to prognosis.

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7
Q

Where might simple squamous epithelia be found?

A

Glomerulus; arteriole, venule, lymphatics, capillaries (endothelium); lining pericardium, peritoneum, pleural sac (mesothelium); alveoli; loop of henle; inner and middle ear.

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8
Q

What are the functions is simple squamous epithelia?

A

Lubrication - pleural sac, pericardium, peritoneum.
Gas exchange
Barrier
Active transport - mesothelium and endothelium. (Pinocytosis)

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9
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelia found?

A

Collecting ducts in kidney.
Thyroid follicles
Ducts of many exocrine glands (pancreas)
Surface of ovary (germinal epithelium)

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10
Q

What is the function of the epithelium covering the ovary?

A

Barrier and covering.

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11
Q

What is the function of the epithelia in the thyroid?

A

Hormone secretion, storage and mobilisation.

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12
Q

What is the function of the epithelia in the kidney tubules?

A

Absorption and secretion.

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13
Q

What is the function of epithelia in the ducts of exocrine glands?

A

Absorption and conduit.

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14
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A

Lining the crypts of Lieberkuhn, small intestine and colon.
Lining of stomach and gastric glands.
Lining the gall bladder
Striated duct of parotid gland
Fallopian tube - some cells ciliated, and uterus.
Large ducts of exocrine glands including striated duct of parotid gland.
Ductuli efferentes of testes.

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15
Q

What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium in the gall bladder?

A

Removes water and electrolytes, reduces volume of bile.

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16
Q

What is a striated duct?

A

Characterised by infoldings of basal membrane - basal portion of each cell is striated.

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17
Q

What makes saliva hypotonic?

A

Removal of sodium ions

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18
Q

What is the zonula occludens?

A

Two adjacent plasma membranes bound tightly together by occludin.

19
Q

What is the function of the zonula occludens?

A

Segregation of membrane proteins to apical/lateral/basal surface.
Separate lumen and intercellular space - control the movement of fluid across the epithelium.

20
Q

What can disrupt the zonula occludens?

A

Cholera toxins.

21
Q

What connective tissue is found in the villi of the small intestine?

A

Lamina propria.

22
Q

What is a lacteal?

A

Dilated lymphatic vessel.

23
Q

What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium in the small intestine and colon?

A

Absorption, secretion, lubrication.

24
Q

What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium in the gall bladder?

A

Absorption

25
Q

What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium in the stomach and gastric glands?

A

Secretion

26
Q

What is the function of the simple columnar epithelium in the fallopian tube?

A

Transport of oocyte (ciliated)

27
Q

Where is pseudostratified epithelium found?

A 
Upper respiratory tract - nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi.
Epididymis and ductus deferens.
Lacrimal sac.
Large excretory ducts.
Auditory tube and tympanic cavity.
28
Q

What cells are present in the epididymis?

A

Basal cells - stem cells.
Proncipal cells - absorb fluid, and secrete substances that promote sperm maturation, phagocytose degenerate sperm and residual bodies.

29
Q

What cell surface modifications are present in the pseudostratified epithelium of the epididymis?

A

Stereocilia

30
Q

What happens to sperm as they pass through epididymis?

A

Sperm mature and acquire motility

31
Q

How long is the epididymis?

A

4-6m - highly coiled!

32
Q

What cell surface modifications are found in the pseudostratified epithelium of the respiratory tract?

A

Cilia

33
Q

What specialised cells are found in the pseudostratified epithelium f the upper respiratory tract? What is their function?

A

Goblet cells - secrete mucous.

34
Q

What frequency do the cilia beat at?

A

12hZ

35
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Vagina, oral cavity, oesophagus, larynx, part of anal canal, surface of cornea, inner surface of eyelid.

36
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous non keratinised epithelium?

A

Protection.

Reduces water loss but remains moist.

37
Q

How does the vagina maintain a low pH?

A

Cells are rich in glycogen which is a substrate for lactobacilli, which produce lactate.

38
Q

What happens to the epithelial cells of the vagina in the absence of hormonal stimulation - pre puberty and post menopausal?

A

Atrophy.

39
Q

Where is stratified squamous keratinised epithelium found?

A

Skin.

Limited distribution in oral cavity.

40
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous keratinised epithelium?

A

Protect against UV, abrasion.
Prevents water loss.
Physical barrier to microbes.

41
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found?

A

Bladder, ureters, urethra, renal calyces.

42
Q

What is the function of transitional epithelium?

A

Protect underlying tissues from toxins.

Distends.

43
Q

What is the time from cell division to being sloughed off for a cell in the epidermis?

A

28 days.

44
Q

What is the time from cell division to being sloughed off for a cell in the small intestine?

A

4-6 days.

45
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

Increase cell surface area for diffusion/active transport.

TOB (14 decks)

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