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Medical Terminology > Internal Root Words > Flashcards

Internal Root Words Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acanth/ acantho

A

spinous/ with spikes

acanthocyte - red blood cell with a spinous cell membrane

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2
Q

aer/ aero

A

gas

aerosinusitis - inflamed nasal sinuses

  • deep sea divers
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3
Q

alge/ algo/ algio

A

pain analgesics - drugs to relieve pain

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4
Q

andro

A

masculine

androblastoma - tumour in the testicle

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5
Q

bronch/

bronchi/

bronchol

A

bronchus part of respiratory system that directs air into the lungs bronchoconstrictor - element or drug which causes the airways of the lungs to constrict and narrow

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6
Q

bronchiol/

bronchio

A

bronchiole/s

smaller airways which branch off bronchi

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7
Q

carcin/ carcino

A

cancer

carcinogen - any substance usually a chemical which is capable of causing cancer

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8
Q

cardi/ cardio

A

heart

cardiomyopathy - any clinical condition which affects the muscles of the heart

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9
Q

cellul/ cellulo

A

cell

cellulitis - infection in the skin due to underlying tissues caused by bacteria

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10
Q

cerebell/

cerebello

A

cerebellum

cerebullar ataxia - irregular, spasmodic, involuntary movements brought about by diseases of the cerebellum or an injury to the cerebellum

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11
Q

cerebr/

cereberi/

cerebero

A

cerebrum

cerebrovascular disease - any medical condition which affects the arteries within the brain or the arteries supplying blood to the brain.

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12
Q

chol/ chole

A

bile

cholangiography - diagnostic procedure using contrast medium to see bile ducts on an x-ray

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13
Q

cholecyst/ cholecysto

A

gall bladder

cholecystectomy - the removal of the gall bladder through surgical mean

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14
Q

chrom/ chromo

A

colour

chromatogenous - producing colour

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15
Q

col/ colo

A

colon

colostomy - surgical procedure wherein part of the colon is taken out via incision made in the wall of the abdomen

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16
Q

colp/ colpo

A

vagina

colposcopy - diagnostic procedure where the cervix and the vagina are visually inspected through a magnifying device

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17
Q

cost/ costo

A

rib

costalgia - pain in the chest area caused by injury to one of the ribs

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18
Q

cry/ cryo

A

cold

cryosurgery - therapeutic procedure where extremely low temperatures are utilized for the destruction of tissues

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19
Q

crypt/ crypto

A

hidden

cryptoarchidism - developmental disorder in newborn boys, characterized by failure of the testes to drop into the scrotum

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20
Q

cutane/ cutaneo

A

skin

subcutaneous - the area underneath the skin

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21
Q

cyan/ cyano

A

blue

cyanosis - skin discoloration where the extremities of the face, turn bluish as a result of excessive amounts of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood

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22
Q

cysti/ cyst/ cysto

A

cyst

cysticercosis - a severe albeit rare condition, where there is an infestation of parasitic cysts within the muscles and even in the brain

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23
Q

dipl/ diplo

A

double

diplopia - clinical term for double vision

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24
Q

duoden/ duodeno

A

duodenum

duodenitis - inflamed duodenum, which creates ambiguous gastrointestinal symptoms

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25
Q

encephal/ encephalo

A

brain

electroencephalogram - diagnostic procedure to check for abnormalities in the brain’s electrical activity

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26
Q

enter/ entero

A

intenstine

gastroenteritis - infection of the stomach and the intestines usually due to a viral or bacterial causative agent

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27
Q

episi/ episio

A

vulva

episiorrhaghy - surgical repair of a laceration of the vulva episiotomy - perineum and posterior vaginal wall are cut during labour

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28
Q

eryth/ erytho

A

red

erythrocytes - red blood cells

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29
Q

esophag/ esophago

A

esophagus

esophagagitis - inflammation of the esophageal lining

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30
Q

fibr/ fibro

A

fibers

fibrosis - scar tissue overgrowth caused by the body’s exaggerated healing mechanism as a response to an infection, a wound, or inflammation

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31
Q

galact/ galacto

A

milk

galactorrhea - excessive production of milk or milk-like discharge from the nipples

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32
Q

gastr/ gastro

A

stomach

gastrostomy - a surgical procedure where an opening is created in the stomach, so that a feeding tube may be attached

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33
Q

glyc/ glyco

A

sugar

glycopenia - sugar deficiency

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34
Q

gynec/ gyneco

A

female

gynecology - a medical practice which specifically deals with female reproductive health

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35
Q

hemat/ hemato

A

blood

hematoma - localized pooling of blood

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36
Q

hepat/ hepato/ hepatic

A

liver

hepatomegaly - enlargement of the liver

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37
Q

heter/ hetero

A

dissimilar

heterochromia - congenital condition where there is a difference in the colour of the skin, hair, iris

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38
Q

hidr/ hidro

A

sweat

hyperhidrosis - excessive sweating

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39
Q

hist/ histo/ histio

A

tissue

histology - study of tissues

40
Q

hom/ homo/ homeo/ home

A

similar

homeoplasia - the development of new similar tissue

41
Q

hydr/ hydro

A

water

hydrocele - condition where the space around the testes is filled with fluid

42
Q

hyster/ hystero

A

uterus

hysterectomy - removal of the uterus

43
Q

latr/ latro

A

treatment

latrogenic - a link to treatment latrogenic anemic is due to large removal of blood

44
Q

jejun/ jejuno

A

jejunum

mid part of the small intestine

jejunostomy - surgical procedure where an opening is created through the wall of the jejunum for a feeding tube

45
Q

kerat/ kerato

A

eye’s cornea

keratomalacia - disease of the eye brought about by vitamin A deficiency

46
Q

laryng/ laryngo

A

larynx

laryngitis - inflamed larynx

47
Q

leuk/ leuko

A

white

leukemia - increase in immature white blood cells leading to incompetence of body organs

48
Q

lip/ lipo/ lipid/ lipido

A

fat

liposarcoma - connective tissue cancer where abnormal cells look like fat cells

49
Q

lith/ litho

A

stone

lithotomy - surgical removal of stones from areas in the urinary tract

50
Q

lymph/ lympho

A

lymph vessels

lymphangiography - diagnostic test conducted through injection of contrast agent into lymph vessels to see on an x-ray

51
Q

melan/ melano

A

black

melanocytes - cells that form melanin

52
Q

men/ meno

A

menstruation

menorrhagia - abnormal menstrual bleeding

53
Q

mening/ meningo

A

meninges

meningitis - inflamed and infected meninges with a bacterial or viral as the causative agent

54
Q

metr/ metral/ metro

A

uterus

metrorrhagia - irregular bleeding from the uterus

55
Q

my/ myo

A

muscle

myalgia - clinical term for muscle pain

56
Q

myel/ myelo

A

spine or bone marrow

myelosclerosis - proliferation of fibrous tissue in the bone marrow

57
Q

myring/ myringo

A

ear drum

myringotomy

myringoplasty - corrective operative procedure where a hole in the eardrum is closed

58
Q

nat/ nato

A

birth

neonate - a newborn baby, less than 4 months old

59
Q

necr/ necro

A

death

necrosis- death of tissues cells

60
Q

nephr/ nephro

A

kidneys

nephrocalcinosis - presence of calcium deposits in one or both kidneys

61
Q

oophor/ oophoro

A

ovaries

oophorectomy - surgical removal of the ovaries

62
Q

orchi/ orchid/ orchido/ orchio/

A

testes

orchitis - inflamed testes

63
Q

oss/ osseo/ ossi/ ost/ osteo

A

bones

osteomyelitis - infection of the bone and in bone marrow

64
Q

palat/ palato

A

palate

  • roof of mouth

palatoplasty - surgical reconstruction of a cleft palate

65
Q

path/ patho

A

disease

pathogen - agent of disease

66
Q

periton/ peritone

A

peritoneum

peritonitis - inflamed peritoneum

67
Q

pharmac/ pharmaco

A

drugs

pharmacodynamics - pertains to the way body reacts to, synthesizes, and benefits from pharmaceutical substance

68
Q

pharyng/ pharyngo

A

pharynx

pharyngitis - inflamed pharynx

69
Q

phleb/ phlebo

A

vein

phlebitis - inflammation of the vein

70
Q

phren/ phreno

A

diaphram

phrenic nerve - nerve which supplies the diaphram

71
Q

pleur/ pleuro

A

pleura

membranes which envelop the lungs

pleurisy - inflamed pleura

72
Q

pneum/ pneuma/ pneumo/ pneumato

A

lungs

pneumothorax - air leaking into pleural cavity (the gaps between the 2 pleura surrounding the lungs)

73
Q

poli/ polio

A

grey

poliomyelitis - infectious condition caused by viral agent (affects gray matter)

74
Q

procto/ procto

A

anus or rectum

proctitis - inflamed rectum (ie Crohn’s)

75
Q

pulmon/ pulmono

A

lungs

pulmonary hypertension - abnormally elevated BP in the arteries which provide blood to the lungs

76
Q

pyel/ pyelo

A

pelvis or kidneys

pyelonephritis - inflamed kidneys

77
Q

rect/ recto

A

rectum

rectocele - tissues of vaginal wall and bulges inward and downward to the rectum

78
Q

sacr/ sacro

A

sacrum

sacralgia - pain in the sacrum

79
Q

salping/ salpingo

A

fallopian tube

salpingitis - inflamed fallopian tube (PID)

80
Q

sarc/ sarco

A

flesh

sarcoidosis - inflammatory disease affecting tissues around the body

81
Q

sept/ septo

A

contamination

septicemia - fast propagation of bacteria which releases toxins in the blood stream

82
Q

splen/ spleno

A

spleen

hypersplenism - overly active spleen

83
Q

spondyl/ spondylo

A

vertebra

spondylosis - spinal disorder

84
Q

ten/ tend/ tendo/ teno

A

tendon

tendonitis - inflamed tendon

85
Q

testicul/ testiculo

A

testis

testicular feminization syndrome - infants with sex hormone issues

86
Q

therm/ thermo

A

heat

thermography - a method where the temperature patterns of the skin surface are documented as images

87
Q

thyr/ thyro

A

thyroid gland

hyperthyroidism - thyroid produces is less than normal

88
Q

tonsill/ tonsillo

A

tonsil

tonsillectomy - surgical removal of the tonsils

89
Q

trache/ tracheo

A

trachea

tracheotomy - opening in the windpipe

90
Q

tympan/ tympano

A

ear drum

tympanostomy tube - tube introduced in the eardrum to avoid fluid buildup in the ear

91
Q

ur/ ure/ ureo/ urin/ urino/ uro

A

urine

urinalysis - measure urine’s characteristics

92
Q

urethr/ urethero

A

urethra

urethrocele - vaginal walls are weak and urethra bulges back

93
Q

vesic/vesico

A

bladder

vesicoureteral reflex - retrograde flow of urine from the bladder back to the kidneys

94
Q

viscer/ viscero

A

internal organs

visceroptosis - prolapse or downward displacement of the internal organs within the abdomin

95
Q

xanth/ xantho

A

yellow

xanthochromia - yellow discoloration indicative of bilirubin in cerebrospinal fluid

96
Q

xer/ xero

A

dry

xerophthalmia - dryness of the eyes

97
Q
A

Medical Terminology (22 decks)

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