Internal Rebellions Flashcards
Describe 3 causes of the Revolt of the Northern Earls.
1) Religion - Many Earls were Catholic
2) Politics - Disliked the Privy council and their loss of powers in the North
3) Economics - Northumberland had lost some lands and copper mines
Key features of the rebellion?
1) Northumberland and Westmoreland called their men together and formed an army
2) They wanted Norfolk to marry Mary QoS
3) Sacked Durham Cathedral and celebrated Catholic Mass
4) Tried to march further South but other nobles did not support them
5) Northumberland fled to Scotland, was handed over and beheaded
6) Westmoreland escaped to France
7) Pope excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570
Describe 3 reasons why the revolt of the Northern Earls failed.
1) Spanish did not arrive at Hartlepool as planned
2) Catholic nobles of Cheshire and Lancashire did not support them
3) Army under Earl of Sussex assembled 10k men which scared off the plotters
What were the 3 plots?
Throckmorton plot 1583 - plotted with Mary QoS and the French/Spanish ambassadors for the Duke of Guise to invade, overthrow Elizabeth and make Mary Queen.
Ridolfi plot 1571 - Italian banker, suspected of working with the Duke of Norfolk, plotted for Duke of Alba to invade
Babbington plot - Developed 6 step plan with Mary QoS for France and Spain to invade and replace Elizabeth with Mary. Letters were discovered linking Mary to Babbington.
Outcome of each plot?
Ridolfi plot 1571 - Ridolfi escaped, Norfolk was executed, scrutiny of Catholics increased, fears of invasion from the Spanish Netherlands increased.
Throckmorton plot 1583 - Throckmorton was executed and 11k Catholics were imprisoned or put under surveillance
Babbington plot - Babbington was hanged, drawn and quartered. Mary was put on trial.
Work of Walsingham (3)
Intercepting coded letters
Employing spies and agents
Interrogation and torture
3 reasons for Mary’s execution in 1587
Letters were discovered linking her to the Babbington plot - BUT she denied any involvement.
As long as Mary was alive there would be more plots BUT her executive angered Philip II
Privy Council saw her as a source of danger BUT Elizabeth was very reluctant to execute Mary.
