Internal Medicine Essentials Questions: Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

The most reliable method of measuring GFR is using the _________________ equation.

A

chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation (CKD-EPI)

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2
Q

You are shown a urine sample under the microscope and it shows cells with spikey blebs around their edges. What are these?

A

Acanthocytes –RBCs suggesting glomerular damage bleeding

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3
Q

A 35-year-old patient presents with microscopic hematuria and has no alarm symptoms. Proper management?

A

Repeat UA in a month

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4
Q

Describe the utility of split urine collection.

A

For patients that have mild proteinuria (less than 1 g/24 but greater than the normal 150 mg) and no other symptoms, the cause is likely orthostatic proteinuria. Taking a urine collecting at night usually leads to lower protein (less than 50 mg at night is diagnostic).

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5
Q

How should rhabdomyolysis be initially managed?

A

IV NS to maintain 300 mL/hr of urine output

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6
Q

Effective arterial pressure to the kidneys can be assessed with what lab?

A

Spot urine: if it is less than 20 then the pressure to the kidneys is decreased

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7
Q

Per IMEQ, ______________ qualifies as symptomatic enough to give 3% NaCl in a person with SIADH.

A

being dizzy and falling over

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8
Q

Per IMEQ, the best treatment for hypernatremia is ________________.

A

D5W

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9
Q

Generally, you give furosemide to someone with hyperkalemia. When might you not give this?

A

If a person has anuric renal failure (evidenced by hours without urine production), then diuretics are unlikely to work.

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10
Q

True or false: PTH stimulates increased Ca absorption from the bones, gut, and kidneys.

A

True

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11
Q

A woman had gut resection surgery and loss a lot of weight while trying to feed enterally. When TPN was started she became tired. Labs revealed hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. Which other electrolyte is likely abnormal?

A

Hypophosphatemia

Refeeding syndrome entails low levels

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12
Q

Your patient has Mg of 1.7 and Ca of 4.1. Which should you replete immediately?

A

Calcium

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