INTERNAL Gender Differences

Question 1

What are equal opportunities policies are there?

Answer 1

GIST (Girls Into Science and Technology)
WISE (Women Into Science and Engineering)
Show as role models, increase the amount of science teachers

Question 2

What does Mitsos and Browne (1998) say?

Answer 2

Girls:
Spend more time on work 
Meet deadline better
Right equipment to lessons
= benefit girls in school

Question 3

What does Francis say?

Answer 3

Boys got more attention, disciplined more harshly, teachers have lower expectations.

Question 4

How can positive role models help girls in education?

Answer 4

Increases the proportion of female teachers & heads. Shoes senior positions for good role models for girls
Shows that women can get high positions and non-traditional goals

Question 5

Mitsos and Browne (1998)

Answer 5

Girls were more successful with coursework than boys because:

• spent more time on work
• Take more care of the way it is presented
• better at meeting deadlines
• Bring the right equipment and materials to lessons

Question 6

Swann (1998)

Answer 6

Gender differences in communication :
Boys likednto dominate whole/class discussions.
Girls prefer pair-work or group-work: found to be better at listening and cooperating.
Girls also took turns in groups whereas boys interrupted

Question 7

Who talks about challenging stereotypes in the curriculum?

Answer 7

Wiener (1995)
Argued that since the 1980s teachers now challenge stereotypes.
Sexiest images have been removed from learning materials = helps girls achievement levels, positive images of what girls can do

Question 8

Jackson (1998)

Answer 8

Noticed at league tables have help girls - high achieving girls are attractive to schools, whereas low achieving boys aren’t = SFP

Question 9

Slee (1998)

Answer 9

Boys less attractive to school as they are more likely to suffer from behavioural issues and difficulties and 4x more likely to be excluded

Question 10

Two views on girls achievements (feminists)

Answer 10

Liberal feminist: celebrate how far they have come and the improvement

Radical feminist: there still remains patriarchy:

• sexual harassment of girls
• still not male head teachers
• women still under-represented in some areas of the curriculum

Question 11

Who says symbolic capital?

Answer 11

Archer: for understand the conflict between values and the schools ethos

Question 12

What is the hyper-heterosexual feminine identity?

Answer 12

Girls spend their money to looks good & have good clothes

Question 13

What are the main points that would make girls feel valued in school?
To gain symbolic capital:

Answer 13

Hyper-heterosexual feminine identity
Boyfriends
Being loud
Working class girl dilemma (either gaining symbolic capital or having to gain educational capital - conforming the m/c values)

Question 14

What does DCSF state About the gender gap?

Answer 14

The gender gap is mainly from boys having poor literacy & language skills - less bedroom culture as a child

Question 15

What does mitsos and Browne day about the decline tradition male jobs?

Answer 15

The decline = identity crisis = little motivation and self esteem = give up on qualifications

Question 16

What has feminisation of education done to boys?

Answer 16

Boys fall behind - schools don’t nurture ‘masculine’ traits such as competitiveness and leadership

Question 17

Yougov (2007)

Answer 17

Lack of male role models in primary school: 39% of 8-11 year olds have no lesson in school whatsoever with male teachers.

Question 18

Criticism to Yougov?

Francis

Answer 18

Francis - 2/3 of 7-8 year olds believe gender doesn’t matter

Question 19

What does Epstein say about laddish subculture?

Answer 19

Found w/c boys are more likely to be harassed, labelled sissies and homophobic verbal abuse

Question 20

What does Norman say about gender role socialisation?

Answer 20

From an early age, boys and girls are dress differently, different toys and encourages in different activities

Question 21

What does colley say?

Answer 21

Computer studies - masculine subject:

• working with machinery (male dominated)
• the way it is taught is off-putting to females (group work…)

Question 22

What does dewar say ?

Answer 22

Male students call girls ‘butch’ or ‘lesbian’ if appeared interested in sport

Question 23

What does Sue Lee’s say?

Answer 23

Double standard - boys boast about sexual exploits, girls = ‘slags’

Question 24

Who says the male gaze?

Answer 24

Mac and Ghaill -

Found is media and story telling of a perspective of a dominant heterosexual masculine = prove they’re not gay

Question 25

Murphy

Gendered subject choice

Answer 25

Boys naturally focus on how things are made and constructed. Girls focus more on feelings and peoples emotions (more likely to pick a social science)