Internal Forces of the Body

Question 1

Name 3 internal forces

Answer 1

• Joint contact
• Ligament forces
• Muscle/tendon forces

Question 2

What are two direct ways of measuring internal forces?

Answer 2

• Optic fibres

- Buckle transducers

Question 3

What are two indirect ways of measuring internal forces?

Answer 3

• EMG

- Inverse dynamics

Question 4

What two types of analysis can be done to track internal forces?

Answer 4

• Kinetic

- Kinematic

Question 5

Name 3 limitations to inverse dynamics.

Answer 5

• Joint friction
• Centre of joint changes
• Foot is not one rigid segment

Question 6

What do muscle moments relate to?

Answer 6

• Extensors (positive)

- Flexors (negative)

Question 7

What do muscle powers relate to?

Answer 7

• Concentric (positive)
• Eccentric (negative)
• Isometric (zero)

Question 8

Can we work out internal forces physiologically?

Answer 8

• No