Internal factors Flashcards
what do studies show about labelling?
Studies show that teachers label students regardless of their ability of attitudes but rather on the basis of assumptions.
What does Howard Becker (1971) say?
through interactionist study of labelling and he found that teachers judges students how closely they fit the image of an ‘ideal pupil’
middle- class close to ideal and working class are far due to bad behaviour.
Evaluation
Hempel- Jorgensen (2009)
-Staff at Aspen said discipline was a major problem and the ideal pupil was seen as passive and obedient. Children were based on behaviour and not ability.
-Rowan the ideal pupil - the ideal child was defined terms of personality and academic ability.
What did Dunne et al (2008) state ?
schools persistently produce working class underachievement due to labels and assumptions of teachers. They found that teachers ‘normalised’ the underachievement of working-class pupils and do not seem concerned about it whereas they seem concerned when it comes to middle class.
why was this?
This because the teachers believe in the role of pupils home background. They believed that working class parents are not interested in their children’s education. whereas middle class parents were seen as supportive.
how do teachers deal with pupils from different classes.
Teachers set extension work for the underachieving middle class pupils, but entering working class students for easier exams. teachers also underestimated working pupils potential and those who were doing well were seen as overachieving.
what is the self fulfilling prophecy?
a prediction that comes true simply by internalising the label.
what are the steps?
1~ Teacher labels a pupil
2~Teacher treats pupil according to label.
3~Pupil internalises the teachers expectation.
teachers expectations
Rosenthal et al (1968)
Iq test
labelled 20% as spurters
almost half of those who they labeled as spurters made a significant process.
What is streaming ?
Streaming involves separating children into different ability groups called ‘streams’.
how does streaming affect someone.
Once streamed it is usually streamed it is difficult to move up to a higher stream. which creates a self fulfilling prophecy.
middle class students benefit from the streaming as they gain confidence and motivation to get better grades.
How do teachers stream working class students.
teachers are more likely to see working class and black students as having low ability and as a result are more likely to be placed in low streams and lowers their opportunity to get better in exams thus increasing the gap in achievement.
A-to-C Gilborn and Youdell
Schools focus their time, efforts and resources on those pupils who they see getting potential to get 5 grade C’s and above ad boost the school’s league table position.
what are the three types of categories of educational triage ?
- Those who will pass anyways and do not need educational support
- Those who have the potential, who will be helped to get a grade C or better.
-hopeless cases, who are doomed to fail
what is a subculture?
A group pupils who share similar beliefs and values.