Cultural Deprivation

Question 1

What does the longitudinal study of 2007 say ?

Answer 1

By the time working class children are 3 years old they are already one academic year behind their middle- class peers.and the gap widens with age

Question 2

What are the three main types

Answer 2

• parents education
• parents income / working class subcultres
  -language (parents ) use at home

Question 3

Why is language essential

Answer 3

Language is essential because the way in which parents socialise their children affects their cognitive development and their educational ability.

Question 4

What does Hubbs- Tait et al state ?

Answer 4

Middle class parents use challenging languages to enable their children to evaluate their speech and thoughts therefore cognitive performance improves.

Question 5

What does Feinstein say to support this ?

Answer 5

( middle class / educated parents and more likely to use praise) which stimulates more motivation to perform better.

Question 6

What does Engelmann et al state ?

Answer 6

Engelmann et al- working class language at home is deficient.as they use gestures, single words.

Question 7

What are Bernstein two types of codes used at home ?

Answer 7

-Restricted code ( lower class )
-Elaborated code ( middle class )

Question 8

What does Douglas state about working class parents attitude to their child’s education ?

Answer 8

Working class parents place less value on child’s education = less ambition.
Visited skl less and were less likely to discuss their children’s progress with teachers

Question 9

What does Feinstein say about parents education ?

Answer 9

parents own education is the most important factor due to socialising.

Question 10

What is the middle class parenting style

Answer 10

Discipline and have high expectations of their children and support achievement by encouraging active learning and exploration

Question 11

How do working class parent their children ?

Answer 11

So less educated parents parenting is still marked by harsh or inconsistent discipline. This prevent the child from learning independence and self-control leaving them to be un motivated at school.

Question 12

How do middle class parents use their income ?

Answer 12

Better educated parents not only tend to have higher incomes. They also spend their incomes in ways to promote their children’s educational success.

Question 13

What does Benstein and young say about middle-class parents use of their income?

Answer 13

middle-class parents are more likely to buy educational toys books and activities that encourage reasoning skills. this means children from such a home start school with the intellectual skills needed to progress

Question 14

In terms of diet, why does a parent’s income matter?

Answer 14

understanding nutrition in child development and higher income to buy nutritious food which causes them to be less absent and attendance in class.

Question 15

What is a subculture?

Answer 15

A group of people who share the same attitude and values and they differ from the mainstream culture

Question 16

Sugarman’s 4 key working class subculture?

Answer 16

• Present time orientation
• immediate gratification
• collectivism
• fatalism

Question 17

What is fatalism ?

Answer 17

believe in Fate whatever will be will be and there’s nothing you can do to change your status

Question 18

What does collectivism mean?

Answer 18

being part of a group more than and succeeding as an individual

Question 19

What is immediate gratification?

Answer 19

actions that cause pleasure now rather than making sacrifices in order to get rewards in the future.

Question 20

What is present time orientation?

Answer 20

Viewing the present time to be more important than now and having no long time goal?

Question 21

What do William et al state about teachers attitudes to language ?

Answer 21

that the problem is not the child’s language but the school attitude towards it. teachers have a speech hierarchy and label the middle-class speech highest following by the working-class speech and finally black speech

Question 22

What did Blanden find ?

Answer 22

Blanden found children from low income. Families are more likely to engage in externalising behaviour such as tantrums and fighting which are likely to disrupt their educational achievement.

Question 23

What did Keddie find?

Answer 23

Keddie found that working class students were not culturally deprived but rather culturally different and that school was accommodating middle class values and rather than seeing working class culture as deficient schools such challenge the negative stereotypes

Question 24

What did Blackstone et al state ?

Answer 24

Critises Doglus by stating that working class parents do not choose to skip parents evening but it is simply because they cannot attend it due to them working long shifts or less regualr shifts. They also may want to support their childs education but do not have the education needed to do s.