Internal Differences

Question 1

Becker (Interview)

Answer 1

Interviewed 60 chicago high school teachers, found they judged pupils on how closely they fitted the ‘ideal pupil’

Question 2

Rist

Answer 2

Study of American kindergarten shows teacher used info on childrens home background and appearence to place children in separate groups
- WC at the back
- MC at the front

Question 3

Dunne and Gazeley

Answer 3

Studied 9 English state secondary schools found teachers ‘normalised’ underachievement of WC pupils
Teachers labelled MC parents as supportive. Set more work for MC pupils

Question 4

Rosenthall and Jacobson

Answer 4

Study of Oak community school: told the school they had a new test specifically designed to identify those who would spurt ahead - untrue
Tested all pupils, picked 20% at random and labelled them as spurters
Came back a year later to find 47% of those identified had made significant progress

Question 5

Becker

Answer 5

WC pupils more likely to be put in low streams, MC in higher streams
Hard to move up streams due to self fulfilling prophecy

Question 6

Gillborn and Youdell

Answer 6

A-C Economy = teachers focus their time, effort and resources on those pupils they know will get 5C’s

Educational triage = school categorises pupils into 3 categories

Question 7

Lacey

Answer 7

Differentation = process of teachers categorising pupils according to ability, attitude, behaviour …
Polarisation = how students react respond to streaming

Question 8

Ball

Answer 8

Study of abolishing streaming showed although there was a decline in polarisation, differentation continued through labelling

Question 9

Woods

Answer 9

Integration = teachers pet
rebellion = outright rejection
ritualism = going through the motions and staying out of trouble

Question 10

Evans

Answer 10

Studied a group of 21 WC girls from a south London school studying for their A levels - reluctant to apply for elite universities
^ feelings come from WC habitus (Bourdieu)

Question 11

Archer

Answer 11

MC habitus stigmatises WC pupil habitus (Nike identities)

Question 12

Ingram

Answer 12

Study of 2 WC catholic boys from the same highly deprived neighbourhood . 1 passed their 11+ and went to grammar school
. The other failed and went to local secondary school
^ both had the same WC habitus/identity