intermolecular forces Flashcards
main 3 types of IMF
london forces
dipole-dipole interaction
hydrogen bonding
what are london forces
weak forces that arise from the temporary fluctuation in electron distribution, creating instantaenous dipoles in nonpolar molcules
how do london forces work
temporary dipoles in one molecule induce a dipole in the neighbouring molecule, resulting in attraction between them
what factors affect strength of london forces
molecular size
shape
how does molecular size affect strength of londong forces
larger molecules have more electrons and stronger dipersion forces
how does shape affect londong forces
molecules with more SA experience more london forces
what are dipole-dipole interaction
attractive forces between polar molecules, where position end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of the other
how do dipole-dipole interactions work
permanent dipole in a polar molecule causes it to attract other molecules with opposite charges at their end
how does molecular polarity affect dipole- dipole interactions
the greater the polarity, the stronger the dipole-dipole interaction
what is hydrogen bonding
a strong dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom
why is hydrogen bonding stronger than regular dipole-dipole interaction
hydrogen is very small, so the bond with an electronegative atom creates a highly conc. partial positive charge that attracts negative end
how does hydrogen bonding affect waters properties
hydrogen bonding gives water its high bp, high heat capacity and surface tension
how do IMF affect solubility
like dissolves like
non polar dissolves in non polar
what is a dipole-induced dipole interaction
a polar molecule induces a temporary dipole in a nonpolar molceule by attracting its electrons, resulting in an interaction between 2 molecules
