Alcohol Flashcards
primary alcohol
1 carbon attached to the C-O
secondary alcohol
2 carbons attached to the carbon adjoining oxygen
tertiary
3 carbons are attached to the carbon adjoining the oxygen
reactions of alcohols
combustion
substituition
oxidation
combustion of alcohols
-alcohols combust with a clean flame
substitution reactions of alcohol: reagent
conc. HCL, HBr, HI
or
PCL5, SOCL2
how do you test for alcohol
- use PCL5
- misty fumes (HCL)
half oxidation of primary alcohol change in functional group
primary alcohol-> aldehyde
half oxidation of 1 alcohol: reagent
potsasium dichromate (v) solution and dilute sulfuric acid
half oxidation of primary alcohol: condition
warm gently and distil out the aldehyde it forms
observation seen when alcohol produces an aldehyde when oxidised
orange to green
full oxidation of primary alcohols: change in functional group
primary alcohol-> carboxylic acid
full oxidation of primary alcohol: reagent
potassium dichromate (VI) solution and dilute sulfuric acid
full oxidation of primary alcohol: condition
use excess dichromate
heat under reflux
distill of product
oxidation of secondary alcohol: reaction
secondary alcohol-> ketone
oxidation of secondary alcohol: reagent
potassium dichromate (VI) solution and dilute sulfuric acid
oxidation of secondary alcohol: condition
heat under reflux
why cant tertiary alcohol be oxidised
no hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon with the OH group
test used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones
fehlings (benedicts) solution
fehlings solution
reagenet: fehling solution containing CU2+ ions
fehlings test: condition
heat gently
fehlings test: reaction
aldehydes are only oxidised into a carboxylic acid
copper (II) ions are reduced to copper (I) ion
fehlings test observation
Aldehydes:
blue cu2+ ions change to a red ppt
ketone:
dont react
how can you test prescence of a carboxylic acid
addition of sodium carbonate
- fizz and produced CO2
Reaction of alcohol with dehydrating agents: change in functional group
alcohol-> alkene
Reaction of alcohol with dehydrating agents: reagent
conc. phosphoric acid
Reaction of alcohol with dehydrating agents: condition
warm (under reflux)
Reaction of alcohol with dehydrating agents: role of reagent
dehydrating agent/ catalyst
Reaction of alcohol with dehydrating agents: type of reaction
acid catalysed elimination
what apparatus do you use when turning a primary alcohol -> aldehyde
simple distillation
why shouldnt you seal the end of a condenser
build up of gase pressure can cause apparatus to expolde
why are anti-bumping granules added to the flask in both distillation and reflux
to prevent vigorous uneven boiling by making small bubbles
